Try this: Find an old CRT TV or monitor and learn how cathode ray tubes work using a strong magnet. Symptom reduction remains the only treatment; untreated, the disease has a 50 percent mortality rate. These include the aerial screw, which led to modern helicopters, and an underwater diving suit that was the precursor to todays scuba gear. March 26, 2002. But Convit, who was born in Caracas, Venezuela, and died there a century later, extended his hand beyond the confines of the lab or doctor's office. Thousands of students graduate with information technology degrees each year, but there are few jobs. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Clockwise from left, in the photos above, the motors have been repurposed as coconut shredder, a key duplicator, a grinding wheel, and a shoe repair tool. "The Leprosy Bacillus, Circa 1873." They may not have to wait long: Raul has promised to cede power in 2018, and a likely successor is Vice President Miguel Diaz-Canel, a frequent Facebook user. On the rooftop of Flauta Magica bar and restaurant, DJ Joan Coffigny spins deep house music. Born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1948, Adalberto Alvarez was a famous Cuban pianist, musical director, and composer. X-Ray Reflection Microscope Mexican American physicist Albert Vinicio Bez co-invented the X-ray reflection microscope. 64, no. In 2015, Cuba opened up dozens of wifi zones across Havana. "This drug is not some new drug, [and] its been around as long as the others, Colevas said. The late 20th century was marked by the recognition that humans could significantly affect the environment, even Earth itself. A sample: He built U.S. President Eisenhower an indoor golf-training machine, analyzed the Zapruder film and tried to locate an Egyptian pyramid's treasure chamber using cosmic rays [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; PBS; Sullivan; Wohl]. All rights reserved. There were major hurdles facing Cubas entry into the technologically advancing world. Instead of washing out of the sky through rainfall or oxidation, they floated into the upper stratosphere, where solar ultraviolet radiation broke them apart and set off an ozone-destroying chemical reaction. He shared the prize with Carl Cori and Gerty Cori (ne Radnitz), pioneers in understanding the catalytic conversion of glycogen [sources: Magill; Nobel Prize; USASEF]. Nobel Prize-winning biochemist Csar Milstein opened new doors in the diagnosis and treatment of disease with his 1975 study on monoclonal antibodies. 1968. In 1938, Alvarez identified orbital-electron capture, radioactive decay in which a nucleus absorbs an orbital electron. (July 4, 2014) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/18131/Luis-W-Alvarez, Frierson, J. Gordon. Known for: Da Vinci was the original Renaissance Man. Vol. Certain mouse spleen cells offered hope, but the specific antibodies they produced died too quickly to be useful. Dr. Eric Bouffet, director of the brain tumor program at Toronto's Hospital For Sick Children, is the only investigator to date who has completed a Nimotuzumab trial in North America. The electronic DJ duo Pauza, comprising of Zahira Sanchez and Paula Fernandez, play at a restaurant across the street from the U.S. Embassy in Havana. Countries of origin include: Argentina, Cuba, Spain, United States and Venezuela. Invented by researchers at the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM) in Havana, CimaVax targets a growth factor in cancer cells in a way that can arrest the spread of the disease. (July 3, 2014) http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/37619/title/The-Leprosy-Bacillus--circa-1873/, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, Franklin Chang-Daz (1950-) and Ellen Ochoa (1958-), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Missed in History: Luis Alvarez Part I (podcast), Missed in History: Luis Alvarez Part II (podcast), 12 Deadly Diseases Cured in the 20th Century. 2004. All you need to make it is a light rum, Coca-Cola, and a little bit of lime for garnish. In 2001, she was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal for her work on behalf of people with HIV and AIDS. (July 4, 2010) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/speedread.html, Parodi, Armando. Thanks to Milsteins work, monoclonal antibodies are now used in everything from diagnostic tests to the treatments of several autoimmune diseases to alleviating COVID-19. Routledge. Try one of these kid-safe electricity experiments to follow in his footsteps. "Leprosy Vaccine Scientist Dies, Aged 100." 1998. According to an article in the Harvard International Review, the country invests 1.17 percent of its GDP in technological researchmore than the U.S. and on the same level with Israel. Scottron was a . Surgery is the primary way to treat most head and neck tumors, but these procedures can severely affect people's ability to chew, swallow or talk. Born in New York City in 1929, Puerto Rican-American pediatrician and healthcare advocate Helen Rodrguez Tras helped improve access to public health services for women and children in both the United States and Puerto Rico. Photo by Ernesto Oroza. Speaking of the immune system, when using antibodies to combat viruses or bacteria, the human immune system favors an everything-but-the-kitchen-sink approach. The electric engine from the widely-owned Soviet Aurika washing machine is commonly repurposed. Much as fad diets might tell us to cut them out, energy-packed carbohydrates are essential to most life, thanks to two opposing chemical processes: combustion, which allows us to break down carbs and release energy needed for vital bodily processes, and synthesis, which enables us to use various sugars to build substances we need to live. These endeavors, combined with his contributions to cracking the Mixtec Codices, marked his best-known accomplishments in anthropology [sources: Anthropology News; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Gaillard; Smithsonian]. 2006. Sure, politicized scientific issues like global climate change might instigate rancorous debate, but this smoke, though toxic in its own way, is nothing compared to the fire under which teachers, intellectuals and scientists have lived during many authoritarian regimes. Gaillard, Gerald. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. All Rights Reserved. Ask kids to name famous inventors, and you might get Thomas Edison or Henry Ford. Benacerraf was born in Caracas, Venezuela, but lived in Paris as a youth and spent most of his life and career in America. 2014. Not according to biology or history. Find out how to build your own Da Vinci-style ornithopter with household items. The pair have attracted devoted fans that follow their shows across Havana. "Carlos Finlay (1833-1915)." Learn more: Thomas Jefferson: Inventions & Accomplishments. Some of these are household names, while others deserve more recognition for inventions that have become essential to daily life. But despite early disappointment in U.S. trials, Dr. Dimitrios Colevas, a medical oncologist who specializes in new drug development for head and neck cancer at Stanford, says that Nimotuzumab may be unique compared to other cancer medicines that also target epidermal growth factor receptors, in that it doesnt seem to have the same toxic side effects. Try this: With a few basic supplies, you can experiment with dry cleaning at home. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. "What I want is for this to come to clinical trials in the U.S., to give it a fair shot and see whether or not it lives up to its current promise, he said. Try this: Wow your science fair judges by building a Tesla Coil of your own. Learn more: Guglielmo Marconi (Brittanica). Cuba may not have had the technology, but its had the drive for innovation. Still, the country is an unlikely global leader in public health and scientific investment. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/molina-lecture.pdf, Myrbck, Karl. Biographies of famous latin or hispanic inventors from the latin world: Narciso Monturiol, Ellen Ochoa, Baruj Benacerraf, Carlos Finlay, Bernardo Houssay, Luis Federico Leloir, Milstein, Severo Ochoa de Albornoz, Santiago Ram Cajal and Miguel Servet. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/crutzen-lecture.pdf, Encyclopedia Britannica. Though Jobs went on to become more well-known, he and Wozniak worked together to build the Apple I, the home computer that launched a revolution. Caso's exploration of early Oaxacan cultures led him to the monumental discovery and excavation of Tomb Seven at Monte Albn. Joseph and John weren't the only black inventors involved in agriculture. 1: Franklin Chang-Daz (1950-) and Ellen Ochoa (1958-), Anthropology News. 12, no. During that time, Finlay didnt give up on his research. "The Yellow Fever Vaccine: A History." Shes also known for the invention of closed-circuit TV. More than 100 public wifi zones and 180 Internet cafes have opened so far. Adalberto Alvarez. Steve Wozniak (1950-present) and Steve Jobs (1955-2011) Known for: "Woz and Jobs" are two of the most famous inventors of the 20th century. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? A large weight is hoisted up and dropped to spin a flywheel to start motors around the farm. Mexican-American botanist Ynes Mexia discovered two new plant genera and 500 new plant speciesand she didnt even start collecting plants until she was 51 years old [PDF]. "As far as Nimotuzumab is concerned, at least in the pediatric oncology setting, there isnt any study that has been successful enough to influence the FDA to allow it [to] be licensed or approved for pediatric use in North America," Bouffet said. Known for: Edison and Teslas rivalry is well-known. Racotumomab targets a molecule that scientists believe is found on all cancer cells, which means the drug could one day be effective against blood cancers as well as the solid tumors that accompany diseases like lung, breast, prostate and colon cancer. Armstrong also noted that besides amputation, the only treatment currently available to Americans with diabetic foot ulcers is a cream with a "black box warning," indicating that the treatment has serious or life-threatening side effects. Unfortunately, all of this creativity is motivated by profound poverty and desperation. March 2014. By entering your email and clicking Sign Up, you're agreeing to let us send you customized marketing messages about us and our advertising partners. About 73,000 U.S. adults with diabetes had their lower limbs amputated in 2010, according to the American Diabetes Association. Heres the technology that helped scientists find itand what it may have been used for. A new field of biochemistry opened up virtually overnight, and Leloir received the 1970 Nobel Prize in chemistry [sources: Myrbck; Parodi]. Instead, he spent those 20 years refining his theory, breeding mosquitoes, and conducting hundreds of tests to support this theory. To wit: Mark Cuban. She invented the first compiler, a program that translates programming code to machine language. As an archaeologist, he fought against a prevailing idea that Mesoamerican cultures must have developed from the expansion of ancient Egyptian or Chinese cultures. "Luis Federico Leloir." From groundbreaking biologists and physicists to innovators in the fields of medicine, botany, and environmental studies, here are 10 game-changing Hispanic scientists you should know about. 2012. Albert Einstein and Sir Isaac Newton are known as the greatest scientists of all time. Electronics are still hard to buy in Cuba, and often come from relatives who live in the United States. Andy Ruiz is one of the first to produce 360-degree video in Cuba. For decades, Cuba has been closed off to technology. Copyright 2021. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/molina-bio.html, Molina, Mario J. Deardoff)." Top 100 Famous inventions and their inventors 3 years ago Salil Ahuja . Nicholas Gerbis (July 7, 2014) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/, Yandell, Kate. In 2006 Palmaz earned a place in the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. When Csar Milstein produced the first monoclonal antibodies in 1975, he not only solved this problem, he became one of the fathers of modern medicine. The world will forever associate two names with leprosy, aka Hansen's disease: Norwegian physician Gerhard Hansen, who in 1873 discovered the bacterium that causes it; and Jacinto Convit, who created a new vaccine for the slow-acting, disfiguring and deadly disease by combining a known tuberculosis treatment with an armadillo bacterium in 1987 [sources: BBC; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Chinea; Yandell]. A small laptop mounted in a 1955 Ford Mercury. Over the centuries, many remarkable scientists have emerged from Spanish-speaking lands, cultures and ancestors. Travis Daub, Jenny Marder Top 100 famous female inventors in history 1. In 1984, Altarz created a band called "Adalberto Alvarez y su Son.". When does spring start? But a lack of basic supplies introduces new twists for the islands innovators: a few summers ago recording artists found the island had run low on CDs. Try this: Da Vinci was fascinated by flying machines. The Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control has authorized the importation of some Cuban medicines in the past, but only enough to conduct research and clinical trials, according to a spokeswoman for the Treasury. A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. Hes also received a Nobel Prize for his research on bacterial enzyme, which has enabled inventions related to synthesized RNA. famous cuban inventors Jan Matejko (1838-1893): He was a famous history painter and portrait painter. He also developed Morse Code: a system of dots and dashes used to send these messages. A Julin Acua Gal C Fidel Castro Daz-Balart D Jos Daporta Gozlez E Ernesto Estrada F Carlos Finlay G Alberto Granado M Hctor Maseda Gutirrez Jos Carlos Mills Hilda Molina N Desiderio Navarro P Leopoldo Pando Zayas Javier Perez-Capdevila At the time, yellow fever still ravaged the tropics, terrorizing populations and disrupting shipping, especially in Havana [sources: Frierson; Haas; PBS; WHO; UVHSL]. She first served on a nine-day mission aboard the space shuttle Discovery, where she and a team of astronauts studied Earths ozone layer, then returned to space three more times, spending nearly 1000 hours in orbit. Bernardo Houssay -- Biographical." Note: The first person of Latin American origin in space was Cuba's Arnaldo Tamayo Mndez in 1980, as part of a team from the Soviet Union. 1947. (July 4, 2014) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60347/Baruj-Benacerraf, Encyclopedia Britannica. 65, no. 1970. These ulcers can become vulnerable to gangrene (tissue death), and in a worst-case scenario can result in toe, foot or leg amputations. Known for: Edison is one of the most famous inventors of all time. Here are a few basic designs to get you started. 268. Photo by Desmond Boylan/Reuters RIGHT: Farmer Carlos Frachi invented a crop irrigation system using soda bottles. In contrast, China has completed or is currently conducting at least 25 Nimotuzumab trials. Working against a wide-ranging embargo from the neighboring United States, Cubans have been getting along without many basic goods for half a century. George Washington Carver, though famous for his idea of peanut butter, did far more than that. But after President Obama lowered sanctions in 2009, restored diplomatic ties in 2014, and removed Cuba from the State Sponsors of Terrorism list in 2015a digital revolution has dawned. These notes were about the analytical engine, Babbage's theoretical invention. Raul Castro, Fidels younger brother, has led the country since 2006. Learn more: Thomas David Petite, Readworks. "Cesar Milstein." (July 4, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/houssay-bio.html, Leloir, Luis. "Alfonso Caso y Andrade (1896 - 1970)." But barriers to access remaincontinuously testing the islands ingenuity. "Alfonso Caso y Andrade: 1896 1970." "Mario J. Molina -- Biographical." Try this: Franklin is famous for experimenting with electricity. Ernesto Lecuona, often regarded as the greatest Cuban composer Esteban Salas y Castro, 18th century Cuban baroque composer Gonzalo Roig, often regarded as one of the greatest composers of Cuba, "Quiere me mucho"/ Cecilia Valdez Ignacio Cervantes, Chopinesque piano composer Jos White Lafitte, violinist and composer Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988." June 9, 2017. When the one-hour Internet cards sold at hotspots were prohibitively expensive (theyre more than $2double the average daily wage), savvy entrepreneurs started divvying them up and selling shorter, slower allotments. May, Leopold. Photo by Rafael Perez/Reuters. When uncontrolled diabetes causes nerve and blood vessel damage in a persons foot, it can lead to one of the most debilitating complications of the disease: the development of foot ulcers -- deep, red sores that can penetrate to the bone. LEFT: Cuban inventor Yolando Perez Baez demonstrates his engine-starting device which can work in the place of a starter motor-a component that frequently fails. It can be used as both a treatment for lung cancer patients and a preventive measure for people at high risk of the disease. Childrens toys built from glue bottles and plastic bottle caps. (July 4, 2014) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/98025/Alfonso-Caso-y-Andrade, Encyclopedia Britannica. At the time, researchers were struggling to create targeted pure antibodies that worked against known agents. When asked if he regretted not winning the Nobel, Convit reportedly replied that his great regret was not curing cancer [sources: BBC; Chinea; Nobel Prize]. Unfortunately, the resulting soup of B cells and immunoglobulin is unsuited to targeted research. Hes known as the Father of the Video Game and helped develop some of the earliest gaming consoles. After earning his medical degree from the University of Buenos Aires, he worked at the Institute of Physiology with Bernardo Houssay. Like a subscription service, thousands of couriers deliver a terabyte of videos, movies, music, and games via thumb drive to half the islands population each week. According to Finlays son, the speech was greeted with initial silence, followed by universal ridicule. It took another two decades before Finlays hypothesis became widely accepted. Their Cinmatographe was a three-in-one machine that could record, develop, and project films for an audience. Now, with new technology coming into the country, these old cars are being revamped with mini-DVD players and stereo systems that blast out oldies in Spanish and the latest American pop. Father of singers Joan Baez and Mimi Faria, Mexican-American physicist Albert Baez was the co-inventor of the X-ray reflection microscope. A reported 5,000 patients worldwide have been treated with CimaVax. Kids will be astonished! (July 7, 2014) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iub.1031/pdf, PBS. Houssay's research into the relationship between sugar metabolism and a pituitary hormone earned him the 1947 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine and, more importantly, marked a turning point in diabetes management. Though grouping such a diverse collection of people under a single rubric -- particularly the politically expedient but dubious term Hispanic isn't ideal, it does make room to explore their wide-ranging array of backgrounds and accomplishments. Cuba's masters of invention Cuban Raul Hernandez speaks to reporters about what he considers the smallest cows in the world. Learn more: Grace Murray HopperA Legacy of Innovation and Service. Since then, people huddled around smartphones has become a ubiquitous sight. (July 4, 2014) http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/02/obituaries/luis-w-alvarez-nobel-physicist-who-explored-atom-dies-at-77.html, The Telegraph (UK). A taxi driver runs through his route in Havana playing a music video on a small screen hooked up to his dash. (July 4, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/benacerraf-bio.html, Chang, Kenneth. "Csar Milstein." The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. "10 Hispanic Scientists You Should Know" She invented the Laserphaco Pro probe, which revolutionized cataract surgery. As a child in Mexico City, Molina admired his aunt, a chemist, and emulated her by converting a spare bathroom into a makeshift chemistry lab. Margarita Carmen Cansino was one of the biggest movie stars in the world in the 1940s and '50s. Guatemalan-born Luis von Ahn is regarded as one of the pioneers of crowdsourcing. Try this: Put your students to work with these fun assembly line classroom activities. "Carlos Juan Finlay (1833 - 1915)." Fidel died in late 2016, and now Cubans are watching to see what further technological advances will arrive on the island. During his 75-year career, he received several honors, including Spain's Prince of Asturias Award and France's Legion of Honor. Twenty years ago, Cuban leader Fidel Castro launched the Future Project, a plan to integrate the software industry into the countrys economy. 6: Luis Alvarez (1911-1988) Father-and-son research team Luis and Walter Alvarez peer through a star dome, which shows the orbit and location, relative to Earth, of stars and constellations. Since 2006, Cuba has had a drug for foot ulcers called Heberprot-P that prevents the need for amputations. (July 3, 2014) http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/12/us-venezuela-people-convit-idUSKBN0DS1A720140512, Crutzen, Paul. Jill Staake is a Contributing Editor with WeAreTeachers. In addition to CimaVax, Roswell Park is also investigating Racotumomab and VSSP -- two more promising cancer drugs invented by CIM. Important discoveries in the field of science. Known for: Every time you plug your phone in to charge or attach a component to your laptop, you can thank Ajay Bhatt for inventing USB technology. We're all painfully aware of how growth, sexual maturity and metabolism kick into overdrive during puberty, but we're usually too distracted to consider the tiny bean-shaped gland with its foot on the throttle. Classroom ideas, free printables, and great teacher ideas right here. Ochoa, who was honored with NASAs Distinguished Service Medal, served as the director of the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, from 2013 to 2018. Learn more: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Lemelson-MIT. Vol. Born in Mexico City in 1896, Alfonso Caso y Andrade left a career as a legal scholar to pursue his passion: understanding the nature and evolution of Mexicos pre-Hispanic cultures [PDF]. Cuban inventor Yolando Perez Paez uses his new makeshift crop spraying tool on a corn field at a farm near the village of Guira de Melenas in the province of Artemisa, some 50 km (31 miles). Learn more: Ann Tsukamoto, Necessity is the Mother of Invention. Reed and his colleagues, who had been dispatched to Cuba to fight the disease that had killed so many soldiers during the Spanish-American War, helped Finlay improve his experiments and verified that the species now known as Aedes aegypti was indeed the culprit.
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