Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . 2016;6:9738. <> Human Expand View via Publisher 2010;41:831. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. The study is to be conducted on the year 2019 at Buenavista Homes, Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu. In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined. - Advertisement -. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). 2018;101:197201. Trop Med Int Health. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). Parasitol Res. To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. Repellent compounds contained in this plant include alpha-pinene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol (Duke 2000). In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. All products are 100% handmade in the USA from organic locally sourced ingredients, and were completely cruelty-free. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. transportation to go at our research environment. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. J King Saud Univ Sci. statement and Parasitol Res. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. Parasitol Res. J Appl Sci. The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. 1 0 obj related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. alternative insect repellent. While alternative uses such as excite-repellency and spatial activity have also been examined [87]. that does not guarantee the safety of their families. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. The researchers wanted to conduct a research about the In the Philippines, its Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. 2008;7:152. Citronella. will be tried and tested. 2013;97:2631. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. 2011;15:10109. and candles, and also in aromatherapy. 2011;1:S1248. Article Phytother Res. California Privacy Statement, With the summer heat, it's important to keep yourself from getting bitten by bugs. To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. Its easy to apply just dot on exposed skin and blend in. Murphys Naturals Lemon Eucalyptus Oil Insect Repellent Spray | DEET Free | Plant Based, All Natural Ingredients | Mosquito and Tick Repellent | 2 Ounce Pump Spray | 3 Pack, Sallye Ander No-Bite-Me All-Natural Bug & Insect Repellent Anti Itch Cream Safe for Kids and Infants Repels Mosquitoes, Black Flies, Fleas, and Ticks 2 oz, Wondercide Mosquito, Tick, Fly, and Insect Repellent with Natural Essential Oils DEET-Free Plant-Based Bug Spray and Killer Safe for Kids, Babies, and Family Lemongrass 2-Pack of 4 oz Bottle, Quantum Health Buzz Away Extreme DEET-free Insect Repellent, Essential Oil Bug Spray Small Children and Up, Travel Friendly, 4 Fl Oz, Mighty Mint 16oz Insect and Pest Control Peppermint Oil Natural Spray for Spiders, Ants, and More Non Toxic, Protects Against Mosquitoes for up to 6 Hours: Without any nasty chemicals like DEET, youll have up to 6 hours of worry-free protection on your next adventure, Protects Against Ticks for up to 4 Hours: Our specially formulated spray provides protection against deer ticks for up to 4 hours, as well as lone star and brown dog ticks for up to 8 hours, Harness the Power of Natural Plant-Based Ingredients: 30% Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, 70% Distilled Water and Ethanol made from Corn, Doesnt Harm Gear: Spray on your skin or gear, and enjoy the natural power from the only plant-based repellent recommended by the CDC, No Dyes, No Synthetic Fragrances, No Harsh Chemicals. The product was able to withstand for as long as 3 hours upon repelling Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an 2008;87:215. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. Lemongrass is a natural insect repellent and works as a pesticide. Lemongrass. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. Steam Distillation Process with the exact apparatus to improve this study by adding insect repellent. Lemon grass Aquaculture. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. bites has not yet been completely clarified. 2014;4:S21420. In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. Although the protection time of citronella oil is shorter than that of DEET. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how 4 0 obj dirus [43]. Figure 2. Saudi J Biol Sci. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. Lemongrass oil is also thought to be beneficial in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. stephensi. This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. Furthermore, these related Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. used for repelling insects. 2014;28:2536. to the skin. [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. repellent. J Vector Ecol. [6], 20% oil solution of basil essential oil, with mean percentage repellency of 66.7%, had 100% protective impact against An. any chemical substance that may irritate sensitive skin immediately. Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae the list of EPA-GRAS, or what the Environmental Protection Agency considers insect repellent costs Php 40 while in doing our experiment, it didnt cost us anything Table 3. Ovicidal, repellent, adulticidal and field evaluations of plant extract against dengue, malaria and filarial vectors. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. All these findings support that clove can be a considered as moderate repellent. Springer Nature. 2005;42:95. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. Bioresource Technol. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products The oil is also an anti- Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. Extraction Process There is no significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. 2013;11:374411. 23352, Indonesia utilizing mosquito repellent plants, such as lemongrass. Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. applied to skin. Basically, a repellent In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. In contrast, Seyoum et al. 2013;112:67992. 2012;111:175769. 2012;15:76673. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. The heterogeneity in the results of the previous studies might be stem from differences in compound concentrations, application dosages, mosquito species, formulations and the assessment method of repellency, as in some trials the protection time until mosquitoes landed was recorded, whereas in the majority of studies the time until mosquitoes bite was considered. 1st ed. Karunamoorthi et al. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. 2003;89:1859. Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. 2012;49:86. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. [] also reported . 2012;44:7989. For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. Enviro Sci Pollut Res. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Tyagi B. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. The pot must be filled with ice as much as it can hold. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. [6], with 100% protection against An. Lemongrass is an excellent tool for keeping pests at bay. Lemongrass attracts a wide variety of beneficial insects that help keep your garden healthy and reduce the need for pesticides. The Table 3 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the affordability of The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. In: Foundation Ciba, editor. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. Article Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. It works on insects without harming or Google Scholar. Steam Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. NO NASTY INGREDIENTS. very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect DEET-free. 2003;40:100. J Genetic. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. Pol J Microbiol. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. dirus for 6h [44] and An. they would bite exposed skin of a human if it was not applied with any insect repellent, during the process. Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. alternative insect repellent. The overall outcome of testing the insect repellent was effective in a way The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. In the study by Murugan et al. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. Phytochemistry. The .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. according to an article of new tech bio. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. and for keeping them safe. Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now 2011;5:1022. Auysawasdi et al. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions.
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