Critics called what happened a Waco a massacre. New college students are a prime example of good targets for cult recruitment since theyre still forming their identity and have recently been separated from their families. The Texas and the ATF flags fly at half staff April 23, 1993, over the only structure left standing after a fire destroyed the the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas on April 19. By 1983, Koresh had joined a religious sect that called themselves the "Brand Davidians" (Branch Davidian) -- a splinter group of the Seventh Day Adventist Church -- founded by former Seventh . As the days wore on, Koresh prolonged the siege, debating with authorities about his interpretations of the Bible, specifically the Book of Revelations. Of the Branch Davidians left inside, only nine escaped with their lives. But the people who survived Mount Carmel, who believed in David Koresh, believe in him to this day that what the ATF did, and then the FBI [did], perfectly fulfilled David's prophecy that he and the others who died at Mount Carmel have been translated up and are waiting, and at some point, God is going to return them at the head of his armies, we're going to have this clash and the end of days will come. Who were David Koresh and the Branch Davidians? David Koresh, born Vernon Howell, was the charismatic leader of the Branch Davidians, taking over control in 1987 after the death of the groups predecessor, according to FBI records. {notificationOpen=false}, 2000);" x-data="{notificationOpen: false, notificationTimeout: undefined, notificationText: ''}">, Copy a link to the article entitled http://4%20psychological%20techniques%20cults%20use%20to%20recruit%20members, 16 values children learned from pop culture in the past 50 years. For Cook, Koreshs apocalyptic visionsand the brutal end he and his followers met in 1993helped lay the groundwork for the distrust, disinformation, and denialism of the past decade. Art Jipson, University of Dayton and Paul J. Becker, University of Dayton (THE . But in 1993, a deadly 52-day conflict between the FBI and the Branch Davidians displaced this historical narrative. Posted: 3/1/23 at 7:50 AM under News Story. On February 28, 1993, Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents stormed the property to search it and arrest Koresh for possessing unlawful weapons. The Branch Davidians, who believe that the apocalypse is imminent in their lifetime, are a splinter group of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The flames rose in the air. After convincing you that theyre the best friends youve ever had and bombarding you with the cults ideology, the cultists next job is to make sure they hang on to you. The FBI broke down into two camps, one that said weve got to go in there and flush these people out because theyre defying the law, and another that urged caution. Investigators would later determine that people barricaded inside had spread gasoline and set it ablaze. On Feb. 28, 1993, agents with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms raided the Branch . The true-crime series Waco, now available on Netflix, gives viewers an inside look at the 1993 siege of the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas.. Waco FBI Transcripts Tapes 010 - 012 View. I believe we are slowly turning into a socialist government. ATF and FBI officials made terrible mistakes that led to loss of life, and that is horrible. Offer expires on 3/31/23. The year 2018 marked the 25th anniversary of the Waco siege. [6] Steve excitedly wanted to join the Branch Davidians, but Judy was reluctant. Waco. They lied, in that early that morning, they had used some combustible military rounds to insert gas, as well as the noncombustible rounds that they had promised the attorney general. The Branch Davidians are a breakaway sect of the Seventh Day Adventists. The Waco standoffbegan. The FBIs ensuing siege lasted 51 days as their tactics to try to force the Branch Davidians grew more aggressive. I think that he was an unhinged leader who collided with a government that made a great many mistakes. Among those killed were a 3-year-old boy who was fatally stabbed in the chest and two other minors who suffered fatal blows to the head, according to the FBI. David Koresh, the leader of the Branch Davidian cult AP Photo Steven Emil Schneider (16 October 1949 19 April 1993[1]), or Steve Schneider, was an American Branch Davidian commonly called a "lieutenant" to David Koresh, the leader of the new religious movement. Get counterintuitive, surprising, and impactful stories delivered to your inbox every Thursday. American Horror Story: Cult mines current fears, paranoia. But gradually, some of these "new lights" benefited David Koresh and no one else. Originally premiering on the Paramount Network the same year, the mini-series Waco sought to bring new life to the stories and people surrounding that moment in history. Cult members target likely candidates and use proven techniques to recruit new members into the cult. The Branch Davidians, who believe that the apocalypse is imminent in their lifetime, are a splinter group of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. What's more, the Branch Davidians knew the ATF was coming. Later, each side would claim that the other was responsible for the conflagration, but Guinn points out that of the three entities involved, only one wanted it to resolve in death. The initial messages basically were ways everyone could work better, love the Lord more, and basically make yourself worthy of being saved when the end times came. But whatever happened, all the canisters went in and gradually swirling clouds of CS gas began to spread throughout the building. The Branch Davidians had stockpiled food, water, firearms and gas masks for weeks. Jobs | It was inevitable it would. An engrossing and original new book by Kevin Cook examines this link in heroic detail and depth. By articulating a broader critique of state power, one that folds in Waco, we can take away one of the rights most powerful claims. Waco FBI Transcripts Box 25 I - Folder 2 - Part 02 of 02 View. The standoff ended when a fire engulfed the complex on April 19, 1993. Questionable circumstances. It worked. At about noon, however, three fires broke out in different parts of the building, spreading quickly. And Koresh said this was a blessing to them because now they could focus their energies on studying the Bible more and becoming more worthy of the Lord. churches are springing up, even if just online, yet theyre speaking a very old language. 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. During the 51-day standoff, the FBI was able to secure the release of 44 people, according to the agencys records. Because this is going to be an important day for the rest of eternity for ATF, Milanowski said. Additional funding is provided by the Abrams Foundation; the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Park Foundation; the Heising-Simons Foundation; and the FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation, and additional support from Koo and Patricia Yuen. Only nine people inside survived. Schneider was very active in the Branch Davidian community before and during the siege of the Mount Carmel Center. The deadly standoff 30 years ago brought a spotlight to the small Texas town. No refunds for partial months. That was obviously a violation of law. The ATF wanted to arrest Koresh for unlawful possession of a destructive device and search the 77-acre compound. Breaking out of this situation usually requires some other allyanother cult member who has become fed up with the system or another outside influence. It was here that Waco became ground zero for future militancy. "They thought from their sources that all the guns were kept in a locked room at Mount Carmel, a room that could only be opened with Koresh's permission.". The Branch Davidians were in a fortified position with grenades and automatic weapons, including a .50 caliber rifle. ATF agents share long-shrouded details about Branch Davidian raid. Houteff had founded the Davidians, a small Adventist reform movement, in 1929. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate. Paul Renfro is an assistant professor of history at Florida State University and the author of Stranger Danger: Family Values, Childhood, and the American Carceral State. On Feb. 28, 1993, federal law enforcement agents came face-to-face with the Branch Davidians, a controversial group whose followers described themselves as "students of the Bible," outside the. Theres also in the book a good deal of new material documenting the pressure by the FBI on brand-new Attorney General Janet Reno. Who caused the fire has remained a point of contention, although an independent arson investigation concluded the fire was started from within the building. Sometimes conspiracy theories turn out to be true, like the one about how the CIA tried to use LSD to find a mind-control drug. By decades end, Jones had become somewhat of a local celebrity in Austin, gaining clout as a public access TV and talk radio host and right-wing provocateur. Here are the four steps to getting sucked into a cult. [6][15] Steve was unable to find a job while working on his Ph.D. he supposedly wanted to evangelize but found no church he felt worthy of his services until meeting a Branch Davidian. That sparked a 51-day standoff with the FBI taking over. He had promised them that they were going to be translated into great glory. By 1984, Koresh, whose real name was Vernon Wayne Howell, had taken control of a splintered sect of the Branch Davidians. A 1998 file photo shows Branch Davidian leader David Koresh in a police lineup following a gun battle with former Davidians. of Assistant U.S. [21][22], At approximately 5:55 AM CDT (UTC5:00), the FBI Hostage Rescue Team called the Branch Davidians to inform them the FBI will administer CS gas in the compound to expel the Branch Davidians. ATF agents were looking. The group was founded by Victor Houteff, a Bulgarian immigrant who converted to Adventism in 1919. After the free month period, the subscription automatically renews on a monthly or annual basis and your credit card is automatically charged either (1) US $4.99 or $9.99/month (+tax) as applicable; or (II) $49.99 or $99.99/year (+tax) as applicable, at the start of each billing period unless you cancel. By keeping cult members totally off-balance in this way, cults increase their members dependency on the leader, ensuring they retain control. Alex Murdaugh sentenced to life in prison for murders of wife and son, Biden had cancerous skin lesion removed last month, doctor says, White supremacist and Holocaust denier Nick Fuentes kicked out of CPAC, Tom Sizemore, actor known for "Saving Private Ryan" and "Heat," dies at 61, Biden team readies new advisory panel ahead of expected reelection bid, At least 10 dead after winter storm slams South, Midwest, House Democrats unhappy with White House handling of D.C.'s new criminal code. After a fire started at about 12:00 PM CDT,[17] Schneider remained in the compound with about 75 other Branch Davidians and died. There were a lot of militants selling anti-government T-shirts and bumper stickers. by Kevin Cook. "[19] According to Robert R. Agnes, Schneider spoke to the FBI approximately 50% of the time, where Koresh spoke 40% of the time. Only then can we confront the violence that produced Waco and the violence that Waco has produced. "[24] The exact circumstances of his death are not well understood. But his followers describe Koresh as not so much hypnotic or charismatic, but brilliant at making the Bible make sense, at making the stories that seem conflicting all over the place to some in the Bible add up to a remarkable story in which they had a remarkable part to play. The charge was made that they were running a methamphetamine lab, which they werent. And even today, there are some who consider themselves to be part of the branch. Thirty years ago this month, federal agents from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms attempted to serve a lawfully obtained federal search and arrest warrant on David Koresh, leader of the Branch Davidian religious sect, at the group's compound in the small community of Mount Carmel, outside Waco. (The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) Buy on Bookshop. His personality comes across, and I think one can have at least a sense of why the Branch Davidians chose to follow him onto death. As federal agents laid siege to the Mount Carmel compound, the Davidians hung a bedsheet from a window that read, RODNEY KING WE UNDERSTANDan allusion to the unarmed Black motorist whose vicious beating at the hands of four white police officers (and their subsequent acquittal) touched off the 1992 Los Angeles rebellion. On February 28, 1993, the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) staged a raid on the home and church of a millennialist, sectarian group outside of Waco, Texas. The ATF was looking for a stockpile of weapons Koresh and his followers had reportedly amassed at the site. Ultimately, as one Department of Homeland Security official put it, The modern-day militia movement owes its existence to Waco, and that movement is evolving in troubling ways. Heavens Gate believed that committing mass suicide would enable them to enter a spaceship flying in the wake of the Hale-Bopp comet. Psychiatrist Bruce Perry, who volunteered to help counsel the children, told ABC News that it was immediately clear that the children were afraid. And Waco would become to the conspiracy minded, a great symbol of the evil of American government. Only nine of the Branch Davidians escaped the fire, while 75 bodies were found in the aftermath. That was his promise. Some experts believe that the Branch Davidians had time to escape from the fires but waited too long and became trapped. "Almost one third of the ATF agents are carried away, bleeding or dead from this fight," Guinn says. Your gift helps pay for everything you find ontexasstandard.organdKUT.org. FRONTLINE investigates the April 1993 FBI siege of the Branch Davidian compound at Waco, Texas. Waco FBI Transcripts Tapes 007 - 009 View. The remaining 62 adults and 21 children, who refused to leave the Mount Carmel compound, then began their standoff with the government. What do you consider to be the greatest lesson learned from what happened in Waco 30 years ago? The Branch Davidians By Ashley Yeaman Often confused with the Davidians, the Branch Davidians are a splinter group organized in 1955 by Ben Roden following the death of Davidian founder Victor T. Houteff. Seventy-six others, including children, were buried alive, shot or killed by smoke or carbon monoxide inhalation. Why some companies are using artificial intelligence to decide who gets laid off. With the perceived Communist threat all but vanquished, these groups insisted, the U.S. government would increasingly turn its warmaking powers inward, targeting deviant individuals and groups. To that end, far-right actors have often imagined the Branch Davidians as exclusively white. Everyone else died in a flaming hell. One technique used was sleep deprivation for the compounds inhabitants with all-night recordings of jet planes, pop music and the screams of rabbits being slaughtered. With access to secret government documents, audio and videotapes, correspondent Peter Boyer of The . Pathology studies concluded that at least 20 Branch Davidiansincluding Koreshwere shot in the head or mouth and onea 3-year-old boyhad been stabbed in the chest. Often, this takes the form of a weekend retreat, where the recruit is immersed in the cults ideology over the course of a few days. ATF officials said that agents heard gunshots coming from within the compound, while Branch Davidian survivors said the agents fired first. It's almost indescribable how horrible it was in there. As historian Kathleen Belew has shown, the late 1980s and early 1990s represented a moment of uncertainty and transformation for white power, paramilitary, and anti-statist groups in the United States and beyond. Only nine people escaped the fires. Until finally, towards the end, [Koresh] said that if he would be allowed to write out his explanation of the seven seals of the Book of Revelation and get those out to religious leaders in the country, he and his followers would come out. WACO premieres Wednesday, Jan. 24 at 10 p.m. It's one of the most horrifying pieces of modern American history: an intense gunfight between the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and. Koresh had a gunshot wound in the middle of his forehead. When a gunfight broke out and killed four law-enforcement agents and six Branch Davidians, it began a siege that lasted until April 19, when federal agents moved to raid the compound, which. You use that phrase cult leader. Branch Davidians, of course, separated from Seventh-day Adventists in, I believe it was, the 1930s, and the church formally distanced itself from the branch. There was such an accumulation of it and the building went up like a book of matches. Stream the entire docuseries, which gives an insider's look at this and other dangerous missions carried out by the FBI, now on Paramount+. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our, Digital David Koresh may have been a false prophet, but he was onto something, the current pastor of the Branch Davidians recently remarked at his congregations compound near Waco, Texas. The fire erupted from three separate locations inside the compound, according to the FBI. Over the years, the group moved from the. Officials said the Branch Davidians opened fire on the ATF agents first a claim which surviving members of the religious community deny to this day. The fire started hours after those rounds were fired. Example video title will go here for this video. The Branch Davidians (Students of the Seven Seals) trace their history to the SeventhDay Adventist Church, one of several successors to the nineteenth-century Millerite movement. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. In 1993, there were just over 120 members living at Mount Carmel. When the smoke settled, four ATF agents and six Branch Davidians were dead. Meanwhile, tactical experts planned for a second raid that would rely on CS gas (a type of tear gas) to drive the group members out. What really happened? And I think that shows the power, the charisma of David Koresh. "We weren't in there for a gunbattle," Risenhoover said. The reason: his . Fire consumes the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas, during the FBI assault to. The government is afraid of the guns people have. The ATF agents were met with an extraordinary barrage of gunfire. They not only had the guns, but they also bought grenade shells and powders. The conflagration has been the source of controversy: a 2000 Justice Department investigation concluded that Branch Davidians themselves used accelerants and set the fires, while some Branch Davidian survivors allege that the fires started accidentally as a result of the FBI's attack. On April 19, 1993, as the FBI Hostage Rescue Team moved ahead with a plan to breach the compound, flames erupted in multiple locations. The Clinton administration was under a great deal of pressure to end this 51-day standoff at Waco. The 51-day standoff began when agents suspected the religious group was stockpiling weapons. The FBI claims the people inside the complex deliberately started the flames, while the Branch Davidians argue the FBI was behind the blaze. For true believers, Cook writes, Koreshs sermons and Bible studies were better than any movie. As one Davidian put it, I learned more with him in one night than in a lifetime of going to church. Koreshs charisma, charm, and deep understanding of scripture all but guaranteed a devoted flock. Federal authorities had evidence to suggest Koresh was collecting a cache of weapons inside the Mount Carmel complex. Government agents began investigating the Branch Davidians over charges that children at the compound were being abused and that the group was stockpiling weapons. Steve Schneider was raised in a Seventh-day Adventist household in Wisconsin. It also allowed them to build the stockpile at Mount Carmel for their final battle. On April 19, 1993, the FBI moved forward with its plan, but something went terribly wrong. A 50-year study reveals changing values children learned from pop culture. October 17, 1995 FBI agent Charlie Rasner, who has never been publicly interviewed about his role in Waco, speaks for the first time about his experience. The attack marked the deadliest day in FBI history. Insisting that she had inherited his gift of prophecy, Florence Houteff set a firm date for the Second Coming: April 22, 1959. It tested the FBI's abilities to respond to a large-scale crisis involving numerous heavily armed subjects inside a fortified compound and under the leadership of a religious zealot. WACO, Texas On Feb. 28, 1993, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms tried to execute a search warrant at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas. It's unshakable. Magazines, Digital The [gas] canisters first went in. We dont have to idealize Koresh or his followers to acknowledge their victimizationor to link it to that of Rodney King, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, Michael Brown, Elijah McClain, Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, and the countless individuals ensnared in Americas crimmigration and carceral machinery. Sam Briger and Thea Chaloner produced and edited the audio of this interview. On April 19, 1993, a large structure fire broke out northeast of Waco. Against this backdrop, and amid fears that the government might curtail Americans access to firearms, Koresh and the Davidians sold weapons at gun shows throughout Texas. Cooks account transports readers from the Davidians early days to the prolonged standoff that not only killed David Koresh and dozens of his followers but also radicalized countless right-wing extremists like Timothy McVeigh and Alex Jones. The federal government believed the group was stockpiling illegal weapons inside the compound and modifying them to have illegal automatic firing capability. Feb. 28, 2023, marked 30 years since the beginning of the Waco siege, the confrontation at a Texas compound that killed around 80 members of the Branch Davidian religious community and four . When George was committed to a Texas state mental hospital in 1987, Vernon Howell became the leader of the Branch Davidians. On the 51-day stand-off between the FBI and the Branch Davidians. ( FOX 44) - February 28, 2023 marks 30 years since the start of a 51-day standoff in Mount Carmel between Branch Davidians and agents of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco Firearms and Explosives. But when the supposed safe haven is also the source of the fear, then running to that person is a failing strategy, causing the frightened person to freeze, trapped between approach and avoidance.. They turn onto a gravel road 10 miles east of Waco and pass through a black gate leading to a rural complex where David Koresh leader of an apocalyptic religious sect known as the Branch. J. David Ake/AFP via Getty Images From the time the standoff at the Branch Davidian compound began on February 28, the principal headquarters responsibility in Washington for planning and decision-making lay with the Terrorism. Follow her @TaylorPettaway. On ExpressNews.com: Koresh also maintained a harem of women and girls, some as young as 12, and sired at least a dozen children. Koresh was considered a highly controversial figure not least because he used his position in the group to have sex with multiple wives, including, according to the FBI, girls as young as 10. On February 28, 1993, a 51-day siege began on a compound in Texas. Fred Milanowski, special agent in charge of the ATFs Houston Field Division, said the agency is committed to paying its respects to the fallen agents, KWTX reports. The siege began on February 28, 1993, as a result of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF)'s failed attempt to raid the compound for suspected possession of illegal firearms. Waco Rising: David Koresh, the FBI, and the Birth of Americas Modern Militias, Stranger Danger: Family Values, Childhood, and the American Carceral State. BRANCH DAVIDIANS BRANCH DAVIDIANS . It was inevitable it would. [2][11][12] He was a major character in the 2018 miniseries Waco, played by Paul Sparks. It's a tragedy that has once again entered America's collective consciousness after Netflix recently added "Waco" a 2018 show based on the tragic events of the deadly Texas siege that originally aired on Paramount Network to its streaming library. Koresh was a monster and in many ways a narcissist, a leader who believed that he was the lamb referred to in the Book of Revelation, which focused on the violent end of days. According to NPR, as of 2013, the group . According to Vox, the religious group has its roots in the 1930s and was an offshoot of Seventh Day Adventist theology. Victor Tasho Houteff, a Bulgarian immigrant to the United States, founded the Branch Davidians in 1935 after growing disillusioned with his Seventh-day Adventist congregation. Mother of 15-year-old shot at a house party wants someone held accountable, 'He came at me with a loaded 9mm gun' | Man robbed at gunpoint at his own garage in broad daylight, Houston forecast: Grab your jacket as you head to the rodeo, it's a cool and breezy Friday, Damage reported throughout North Texas area during severe weather. 25 Years After The Tanks, Tear Gas And Flames, 'Waco' Returns To TV, Nearly 40 Years Later, Jonestown Offers A Lesson In Demagoguery. Author Kevin Cook takes several of them in his new book, Waco Rising, which came out last week. The combination of deteriorating conditions and reports that the children were being abused inside the compound prompted newly appointed U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno to authorize the FBI Hostage Rescue Team to mount an assault. FBI Agent Bob Ricks believes that Schneider shot and killed Koresh before the fire killed them because Schneider realized he was a "fraud," and he soon afterward shot himself. But these military rounds never actually broke into flames. The Rodens presided over the Branch Davidians until 1987, when Loiss protga young man named Vernon Howellstaged a violent raid on Mount Carmel and installed himself as the Davidians leader the following year. WACO, Texas On Feb. 28, 1993, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms tried to execute a search warrant at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas. And there also is later in the book a considerable amount of accounting for how Waco had played an important role in radicalizing many people right through Timothy McVeigh, who bombed Oklahoma City on the second anniversary of the Waco fire, through Alex Jones, and all the way up into Jan. 6 and beyond. [15] The exact date of his conversion is unknown, but Tabor and Gallagher note that a videotape of a South Carolina Bible study from 1987 features Schneider, implying he converted in about 1986. According to Vox, they used everything from armored tanks and annoying music, to tear gas to end the siege. About Us | Steve Schneider answered, spoke with the FBI agents on the other end, reportedly slammed the telephone on the receiver, and pulled the phone from the wall.[17]. Under the leadership of Vernon Howell, a charismatic and apocalyptic preacher who would take the name David Koresh (1959-1993), it stockpiled . In an initial raid on Feb. 28, four ATF agents were killed, 16 were wounded, and six Branch Davidians died. It was founded in 1935 near Waco, Texas, by Victor Houteff as a breakaway group from the Seventh-Day Adventists. The television series "Waco" devotes a good portion of its screen time to character David Thibodeau, a drummer who met Branch Davidian leader David Koresh (Taylor Kitsch) at a Los Angeles bar.Koresh asks him to fill in as drummer in his band, ultimately leading Thibodeau (Rory Culkin) to move into the Mount Carmel compound which later became the backdrop for a deadly siege. The agents were attempting to arrest leader David Koresh and raid the groups 77-acre complex when they began to exchange heavy gunfire at the site. [7][8] In approximately 1986, Schneider encountered Marc Breault, an indigenous Hawaiian Branch Davidian, and converted to Branch Davidianism. On the morning of Feb. 28, 1993, 76 agents from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) arrived at the compound, called Mount Carmel, expecting to surprise the group. Of course, that assumes that this was a cult as opposed to a religious group. Houteff died in 1955 but the group, based at Mount Carmel outside Waco, continued and in 1981 David Howell joined them and soon became their leader. [9] Scholars James Tabor and Eugene Gallagher note that he claimed to have converted twenty people on a trip to England in 1988. This is a carousel. Waco FBI Transcripts Tapes 004 - 006 View. Branch is a Biblical reference found also in Isaiah 11:1: "a shoot shall come out from the stump of Jesse and a branch shall grow out of his roots." Pitts, p. 32.-3-and that God communicated with Davidians through Houteff. Broadly, cults retain control over their members by controlling the narrative. Houteff and his followers settled on a plot of land near Waco, where the Davidians would live, worship, raise children, and prepare for the end times. New subscribers can get one month free on Paramount+ (see details below). We dont forget the agents that weve lost or the agents that were hurt that day. The first thing he claimed even though he already had a wife, a 14-year-old girl, pushing legal limits in Texas, but she had her parents permission so the marriage was legal he announced that God now wanted him to have wives, multiple wives. A 51-day confrontation between the FBI and the Branch Davidians - a small offshoot of the Seventh Day Adventists - came to a tragic end outside Waco, Texas on April 19, 1993.
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