In the Prose Edda this is the name of an old woman (old age personified) who wrestles with and defeats the god Thor. Have Your Text in Old Norse. rr ferr oft til Jtunheima ok vegr ar marga jtna me hamrinum. ), Barreyjar f pl Barra Isle in the Outer Hebrides, batna <-a-> vb (1) to improve; impers [e-m] batnar one recovers, bauzt 2sg past mid of bja; bauztu = bauzt + , bir adj pron dual both, Blki Blingsson m Balki Blingsson (personal name), Brr <-ar> m Bard (personal name); Brr svarti Bard the Black; Brarson Bards son, bein(n), beit ppart of bija or ba (nom sg), beia vb (2) [w gen] to ask, beg; beia [e-n] [e-s] ask [sb] for [sth]; beiask mid ask for, request on ones own behalf, beiskr adj bitter, acrid; angry, exasperated; painful, sore, bekkr m bench, belgr m pelt, skin of an animal (taken off whole); skin-bag; bellows, bella defective vb [w dat] to hit, hurt, bella <-di, -tr> vb (2)[w dat] to venture (into), bera vb (IV) to bear, carry; give birth; bera saman collect; compare; bera um carry about; bera rendi sn (upp) fyrir [e-n] plead ones case before [sb]; tell ones errand [sb], berja vb (3) to strike, beat; berjask mid fight, berr adj naked, bare; unsheathed (of a sword), berserksgangr <-s> m fury of a berserker, going berserk, beysta vb (2) to bruise, beat. Rune Keyboard | Heathen Designs Runic Keyboard (for PC) Designed by Sveinn Ullarson, this digital keyboard is easy to download and install onto any Windows PC. Norn, $5 (0) in stock. When a past tense dental is added to a verb whose stem already ends in a dental (leia, setja and senda), the two dentals often undergo change. German, When appears before r, it is in a few words pronounced []. Old Iceland texts preserve mythological and heroic poetry, such as the Poetic Edda, skaldic poetry, and medieval sagas. This is a list of Germanic deities that are in Norse mythology . While Old Norse was the language that connected the people of Scandinavia during the Viking Age, the international nature of the Nordic countries at that time would have required polyglots they didn't always raid first and ask questions later. View more posts, You can now buy the audio pronunciation albums for Viking Language 1 in our store! (Sorry Mac/Linux users, we might manage to make one of these for you someday, but at the moment this is all weve got.). Old Norse was a North Germanic language once spoken in Scandinavia, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and in parts of Russia, France and the British Isles and Ireland. Old Norse is an important and well-attested source of medieval Germanic literature. Mcheno, Old Norse for Modern Times gives you the perfect phrase for every contemporary situation--. For example, fara vb (VI) to go, travel. The first step is to make sure your text is in Old Norse. More than 230 keyboards and 100 countries ! Translations from dictionary English - Old Norse, definitions, grammar. Note that modern Icelandic is very close to Old Norse. http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/ONNames.htm, ALPHABETUM - a Unicode font Adjectives: the strong masculine accusative singular is given to indicate a stem-final -j- or -v- or syncope (loss of vowel). Bavarian, http://dataonp.hum.ku.dk/, A guide to Old Norse names http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/norol-0-X.html http://www.heathenhof.com/how-to-write-old-norse-in-runes/, Online Old Norse lessons In the Icelandic alphabet, follows d. In Faroese, is not assigned to any particular phoneme and appears mostly for etymological reasons, but it indicates most glides. Ripuarian, A god is named Thor. Alli mnn eu borni frlsi ok iafni at viringu ok rettum. ar er rr ekr, er stormr. For example, rkr adj powerful; dkkr adj dark; gfugr adj noble, distinguished. If you use long marks, Unicode (utf-8) is the required encoding for Web sites. Learning materials, Information about Old Norse Dismiss, Old Norse Vocabulary: The 246 Most Common Words, Viking Age Iceland: A Story of Contradictions, Viking Language 1: Audio Lessons 1-8 (Pronounce Old Norse, Runes and Icelandic Sagas), Viking Language 1: Audio Lessons 9-15 (Pronounce Old Norse, Runes and Icelandic Sagas). The Runic Alphabet was made for carving in stone, but you can use an Icelandic keyboard or why not an ordinary English one, using the Latin letters to write down their form of Norse since Middle English times, when writing was done in Latin and French mostly, and less in Old English and Norse. The Old Norse dictionary below (from Viking Language 1) compiles everything you need to read the sagas in their original language. The runes hold great spiritual significance in Norse Paganism. Even modern Viking use them as tattoos.. http://www.svenska.gu.se/~svekgj/wormianus.html 0 . You can use Windows alt key codes, but you may need to do that in notepad and paste in to the game - is ALT+0254 is ALT+0240 Take a look here for more. Vikings used old runic letters during the settlement period and it was only after their Christianization that they adopted the Latin alphabet. AD 1000. Vikings came from Scandinavia and spoke a language called Old Norse. In the Faroese alphabet, follows d. In Olav Jakobsen Hyem's version of Nynorsk based on Trndersk, was always silent, and was introduced for etymological reasons. Using the Norse Dictionary The alphabetical order is: a, , b, d, , e, , f, g, h, i, , j, k, l, m, n, o, , p, r, s, t, u, , v, y, , x, z, , , , / . The font offers uppercase and lowercase characters, special glyphs, and multilingual support. Specify in the selection box to the bottom of the virtual keyboard, your keyboard key mapping to be able to use it to input your text. wilba.tech WT65-G2-BAUER PCB. Learning or teaching Old Norse is easy with The Viking Language Series. Means "old age" in Old Norse. .mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}U+00F0 LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH represents a voiced dental fricative in the International Phonetic Alphabet. This is the name of a legendary Danish king, the same one who is featured in the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf with the name Hrogar. We are proud to release the first Brazilian NORD LIVE session ever featuring some of the most renowned keyboard players in the country! Tuerai 7 yr. ago This works for me, but ONLY typed inside CK2, pasting it always pastes the wrong characters for me. Join the newsletter and stay informed about new releases and information. The app includes custom installable font that improves runes look & readability. Today there are between 500 and 1000 people in Denmark who believe in the old Nordic religion and worship its ancient gods. Abstract. Anonymous. Neither nor were found in the earliest records of Old English. Every font is free to download! Along with Medieval and Anglo-Saxon runes! Norwegian, i eu alli viti gddi ok samvizku, ok skulu gra hvar til annars brourliga. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. Weak Verbs: The weak verb class is given in Arabic numerals within parentheses. Online English keyboard to type a text with the special characters of the Old English alphabet. , , Translation and transliterations provided by Corey Murray, All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Hence for landnmsmar look under land-; and for fyrirbja look under fyrir-.Defective Words. angle to any point on the mountain home vintage long wool coat, size s $ add to cart detailsMouse pad Large Mouse Mat Mouse pad Mouse Pad Desk Mat Simple Nordic Landscape Larg Vickrey Bauer 2 Keyboard . The Hvaml (Sayings of the High One) is part of the Poetic Edda, a series of poems from Old Norse that survive in a manuscript from the 13th century. Virtual Keyboard gives you access to the national characters of more than 100 countries. Sigrn (Old Norse), this Old Norse inspired name is a reference to 'the triumph symbol'. Moreover, a mere table would not be enough to write in Old Norse with runes, it takes a whole tutorial to learn how to do that the way it might have been done on a Viking Age runestone ca. Documents The earliest documents from the Scandinavian speaking area are runic insciptions. Old Norse Keyboard Guide (macOS) | Digital Tolkien Project Old Norse Keyboard Guide (macOS) It is not necessary to download any special keyboard to enter Old Norse on macOS. Unique Female Names From The Viking Age Transylvanian Saxon, You will learn about the different written sources and what they can teach us about pre-Christian religion in northern Europe in the Viking Age. This was especially useful in Viking-inhabited northern England, where both flatr and rogg (rugged) terrain are often shrouded in fok, and oppressed by gustr of wind and lagr (low) sk (clouds). Old Norse is the language of legends and the stuff of sagas, the inspiration for Tolkien and Marvel, for award-winning manga and epic videogames. Preterite-Present Verbs: are named so because their present tense looks like the past tense of strong verbs. . For example, kalla <-a-> vb to call. I got tired of looking for a keyboard installation for typing Anglo-Saxon runes in Junicode, so I made one. It's worth mentioning here that the word "Viking" means "pirate raid" in Old Norse. The Old Norse dictionary below (from Viking Language 1) compiles everything you need to read the sagas in their original language. Swedish, Copyright 19982023 Simon Ager | Email: | Hosted by Kualo, http://www.heathenhof.com/how-to-write-old-norse-in-runes/, https://notendur.hi.is/haukurth/norse/olessons/lesson1.php, http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/norol-0-X.html, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXCxNFxw6iq-Mh4uIjYvufg/videos, http://www.svenska.gu.se/~svekgj/wormianus.html, http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/ONNames.htm, http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/~jmag0042/alphabet.html. Need ideas for an evening of connection community. The lowercase (minuscule) version has retained the curved shape of a medieval scribe's d, which d itself in general has not. hagr m state of, condition; fate; affairs; advantage; means; ef galtar hag vissi if they should learn the fate of the boar. GMK NORSE. Nice! In Old English, (called t) was used interchangeably with to represent the Old English dental fricative phoneme // or its allophone //, which exist in modern English phonology as the voiced and voiceless dental fricatives both now spelled "th". 10. Faer uor som ast i himlm, halga ware it nama. Old Norse is a catch-all term for Old Icelandic, Old Norwegian, Old Swedish, Old Danish, and Old Gotlandic, though it is often used as a synonym for Old Icelandic because the majority of documents come from this region. "Many people and communities at that time would have been multilingual . This operator gives rise to spin-weighted spherical harmonics. Skgul (Old Norse), meaning 'high soaring'. Younger Fuark: ( ) (shelved 8 times as old-norse) avg rating 4.26 9,643 ratings published 1270. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Old Norse would not have sounded exactly like any language spoken today, even Icelandic. Virtual Keyboard enables you to substitute for the keyboard of your machine a keyboard chosen among the 230 keyboards available. Oh forlat os uora skuldar so som oh ui forlate em os skuldihi are. ra vb (VII) [w dat] to advise, counsel; rule, govern, manage; r lndum ruled over (his) lands; at var rit it was decided; ra at + dat attack r at hskrlum Flosa attacked Flosis men; ra fyrir [e-u] rule over [sth]; ra um vi [e-t] deliberate or think about [sth]; ragr f council; eiga ragr take council, Refr <-s> m Ref (personal name) Fox; Refr inn raui Ref the Red, Refsstair m pl Refsstadir (place name) Refs Farmstead, regin n pl (divine) powers, gods, Reginn <-s> m Regin; son of Hreidmar, brother of Ffnir the dragon, rei f vehicle, wagon, carriage, cart, or chariot; ride, the act of riding, reiask <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to become angry, reiifanger, wrath; af reii in anger, out of anger, reisa <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to raise; lta reisa stein have a stone raised, reka vb (V) to drive, herd; drive onto shore, wreck; [w gen] take vengeance for; reka spor follow tracks or footprints, reki m driftage, a thing drifted ashore, wreck, rekja vb (3) to track, trace, renna vb (III) intrans to run, flee; put to flight; melt, renna <-di, -dr> vb (2) trans to make/let run; twart, reyr f rorqual, large baleen whale, Reykjanes n Reykjanes (place name), Smokey Peninsula, Reykjarvk f Reykjavik, Smokey Bay (modern Reykjavk), reyna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to try, prove; experience, rtt adv directly, straight; exactly, precisely; rightly, correctly; from adj rttr, rttr adj straight; correct, right, just, rif n rib; reef (in the sea), Rifsker n Rifsker (place name), Rocky or Rib Reef, rista (also rsta) <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to cut, carve, engrave, ra vb (I) to ride, rki n power; realm; kingdom, rkismar (pl rkismenn) m great man, prominent man, wealthy man, man of power, rsa vb (I) to arise, rise, stand up; rsa upp rise up, get up, rsta vb (I) to cut; carve, engrave; carve, form by carving; lta rsta rnar have runes carved, rta vb (I) to write; scratch, cut, rja vb (II) to redden, rjfa vb (II) to break, rip; break a hole in; rjfa sttml break an agreement or truce; (impers) rfr verit the weather clears, Robertr lngumspai <-s> m Robert Longsword, ra vb (VII) to row, rr m rowing, pulling, rta <-a-> vb (1) [w dat] to throw into disorder; rta [e-u] sundr knock [sth] apart, rn f secret, mystery; rune, a letter in the runic futhark, rna <-di, -dr ~ -ti, -tr> vb (2) to rob, steal, plunder; rna [e-n] [e-t] rob [sb] of [sth], ra <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to speak; converse, discuss, Rgnvaldr <-s~ar> m Rognvald (personal name), rskr adj sturdy, vigorous, brave, rst f unit of distance between two resting places (perhaps equivalent to the Old Scandinavian mile), saga f what is said, story, saga, tale, legend, history; saga til [e-s] a story about [sth]; n vkr sgunni now it [the subject] in the saga moves, sakna <-a> vb (1) [w gen] to miss, feel the loss of, salr m hall, samfr f (usu in pl) relationship, marriage, samr adj pron same; ina smu ntt on the same night; it sama the same, likewise, sautjn (also sjautjn) num seventeen, s vb (VII) to sow, segja vb (3) to say; segja fr [e-u] reveal, tell about [sth]; segja [e-m] til [e-s] tell, inform [sb] of [sth]; segja til sn give ones name, sekr adj guilty; convicted, condemned to outlawry; gera [e-n] sekan condemn [sb] to outlawry, selja <-di, -dr> vb (2) to hand over to another; sell; seljast mid give oneself up, sem rel particle who, which, that; conj as; [w superl] as as possible; where, setja <-tti, -ttr> vb (2) to set, seat, place; setja til rkis put in power; setja at [e-m] attack [sb];setja push; setja saman set up, put together; setja upp set, stand up; setja vi prepare; setjask mid seat oneself, sit, sextn num sixteen, s 1/3sg & 3pl pres subjunct of vera (see also sj, sga), sia <-a-> vb (2) to get people to conduct themselves properly; to introduce order; to convert (to Christianity), siar ppart of sia (m nom sg), behaved, mannered, SigfairmVictory-father, a name for inn, Sighvatr <-s> m Sighvat (personal name); Sighvatr inn raui Sighvat the Red, Sigrr f Sigrid (personal name), Sigtryggr <-s> m Sigtrygg (personal name), Sigurr <-ar> m Sigurd (personal name); Sigurr slefa Sigurd the Slobberer, sik refl acc pron him-/her-/it-/oneself, themselves; undir sik under himself, Silfrintoppr m Silfrintopp (mythological name) Silver-Tuft or Silver-Mane, horse of the sir, sinn n time (of repetition); eitt sinn one time; einu sinni once; hvert sinn every, sinn refl poss pron his, her, its, their own, sitja vb (V) to sit; reside, sr adj long, low-hanging, sga vb (I) to sink gently down; glide, move slowly, Sreksstair m pl Sireksstadir (place name) Sireks Farmstead, sj vb (V) to see, look; understand; sj [e-m] look upon [sb], Sjland n Zealand, Sjlland in modern Danish (place name), sjlfr adj pron self, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, sjvarafli m catch of fish, bounty of the sea, sjnhverfing f optical illusion (caused by a spell), sjr m sea; fyrir ofan sj above the waterline, skafa vb (VI) toscrape, shave, skaka vb (VI) to shake, skalat = skal + -(a)t; shall not, -(a)t is a negative suffix, Skalla-Grmr <-s> m Skalla-Grim, Bald-Grim (personal name), skammt adv short distance, not far (place), skapa <-a-; skepr, skp, skpu, skapinn> vb (wk/str 1/VI)to shape, form, make, create, skapt n handle, shaft; hvu skapti on a long shaft, skarpr adj scorched, pinched, chafing, Skney f Skne, Denmark (place name), now part of Sweden, sker n skerry, isolated rock sticking out of the sea, skemar (alsoskmar)<-manns, -menn>mimpostor; hypocrite, skera vb (IV) to cut, skilja <-di~i, skilir~skildr~skilinn> vb (2) to part, separate, divide; understand; skilr um [e-t] impers they fall out over, differ, disagree about [sth]; skiljask mid separate, part from each other, skillingr <-s, -ar> m shilling, i.e., piece of money; pl money, Skinna-Bjrn m Bjorn Fur-Skins (personal name), skipa <-a-> vb (2) to arrange, array; man, occupy, skipfr f voyage, sailing, passage of a ship, skipta <-ti, -tr> vb (2) [w dat] to divide; share; change, sk n ski, piece of wood; sk Atals grundar ski of the land of Atal (kenning for ship), skna vb (I)to shine, skjlfa vb (III) to tremble, shake, skjta vb (II) to shoot, skjtari comp adj of skjtr quicker, swifter, skjldr m shield, Skjldr m Skjold (personal name), SkollmSkoll, the wolf that pursues the sun, skorta <-ti, -t> vb (2) to be lacking to one; [e-n] skortir [e-t] [sb] is short of [sth], skr m shoe, skra vb (I) to crawl, Skrlingr <-s, -ar~-jar> m term referring to natives of North America and Greenland (derogatory), Skuld f Skuld (mythological name,) Debt, that which should become, one of the three Norns, skulu pret-pres vb shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate); should, skurr <-ar, -ir> m cutting, slice; a trench; the flensing of a whale, Sktaar-Skeggi m Skeggi of Skutad (personal name), skyld f tax, due; incumbrance (on an estate); reason, sake, skyldr adj bound, obliged; due; urgent; related by kinship, skyldi 3sg past & 3sg/pl past subjunct of skulu/skyldu, skynda <-di, -dr> vb (2)[w dat] to hurry, hasten, skynja <-a-> vb (1) to perceive, make out, understand, Skfnungr (also Skflungr) m Skofnung, possibly Shin Bone, the name of King Hrolfs sword, skkull m harness, skrungr <-s, -ar> m notable man or woman, leader, sl vb (VI) to strike; forge, slefafsaliva, slobber; slobberer (nickname), sleikja <-i- / -ti-, -r- / -tr-> vb (2) to lick, sleppa vb (III) to slip; escape, slip away; fail, slip up, slrar (also slrir) f pl sheath, scabbard, slngva (also slngva) f sling, sma <-a-> vb to create, make, build, erect; forge; work in wood or metal, smjga vb (II) to creep through an opening; pierce, Smjrvatnsheir f Smjorvatnsheid (place name), Butter-Lake Heath, sneia <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to slice; glance off, snemma (also snimma) adv early, snerta vb (III) to touch; concern, sna vb (VII) to turn; twist, plait, braid; snask til turn oneself to, sofa vb (IV) to sleep, sofna <-a-> vb (1) to fall asleep; vera sofnar have fallen asleep, sokkr <-s, -ar> m sock, stocking; einir sokkar a pair of socks, sonargjld n pl wergeld, ransom, or compensation for a dead son, sonr m son, spakara comp adv of adj spakr more wisely, spakr adj wise, sp <-i, spt> vb (2)to prophesy, fortell, spnn (also spnn) m chip, shaving; spoon, spilla <-ti, -tr> vb (2) [w dat] to spoil, destroy, spillirmspoiler; spillir bauga spoiler of rings, generous prince, spinna vb (III)to spin, sporntrack, trail, footprint; step, foothold, spretta vb (III) to spring up, burst forth; start, spring; sprout, springa vb (III) to jump, spring; issue forth; burst; die from overexertion or grief, spyrja vb (3) to ask; hear, hear of, learn, be informed of, find out; spyrja til [e-s] have news of [sb], learn of [sb]; spyrja [e-n] at [e-u] ask [sb] about [sth]; spyrjask mid, staddr (ppart of steja) placed, present; situated, star m stead, parcel of land; place, spot; abode, dwelling, stafr m wooden staff, stick; pole, timber, standa vb (VII) to stand; stay, remain; stand, stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; standa af [e-u] be caused by [sth]; standa undir [e-u] be subject to [sth]; standa undir [e-t] support, approve of [sth]; standa vi [e-u] withstand [sth]; standa yfir last, stanga <-a-> vb (1) to ram, (head)butt, gore (of cattle); stangask mid butt each other, steja <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to stop; fix, settle, stefna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to aim at, go in a certain direction; call, call together, summon, stefna f direction, course; meeting; appointment; summons, Steinbjrn m Steinbjorn, Stone-Bear (personal name), steinn <-s, -ar> m stone; cave or stone dwelling; poet precious stone, jewel, steint ppart of steina; steint mjk fully painted, stela (IV) vb tosteal, sterkr adj strong, Stiklastair m pl Stiklastad (place name), stikublgr m stick-gazer, miser (nickname), stirr adj stiff, rigid; harsh, severe, stga vb (I) to step, tread; stga hest mount a horse, stjarna f star, stjrna <-a> vb (1) [w dat] to rule over, govern, command, stofa f stove room, a room in a long house, secondary to the eldaskli and warmed by a stove of flat stones; served as a living room, where women worked the looms, families sat in the evenings, and feasts were held, stokkr <-s, -ar> m trunk or log of wood; wooden beam; base under an anvil, stll <-s, -ar> m stool, chair; bishops see; kings throne or residence, stlkonungr <-s, -ar> m throne-king, emperor, strlti n pride; overbearing; liberality, strr adj big, strandhggnshore raid, piracy; hggva strandhgg engage in piracy, Strandir f pl Strandir (place name), the Strands, straumr m stream, strengja <-da, -dr> vb (2) to swear solemnly; string tight, strjka vb (II) to stroke, rub, wipe; caress; smooth, brush, strnd f strand, coast, shore; border, edge, stundum stundum conj sometimes sometimes, at times at times, stra <-i, -t> vb (4)[w dat] to steer, command; rule, govern; manage, strimar (pl strimenn) m captain, steersman, stlinum = stli + inum, dat sg of stull, stull m milking pen (for cows), stkkva vb (III) to spring, burst, leap; be sprinkled, stng f staff, pole, Sureyjarfpl the Hebrides (from a Norwegian perspective, lit the South Isles), Suri m Sudri (mythological name) South, dwarf who holds up the sky, Surmar m South-man, southerner; a German, a Saxon, sumar n summer; um sumarit in the summer; hvert sumar every summer, sundfrr adj able to swim; sundfrr of s sea-worthy, lit able to swim over the sea, s f sg dem of s that (one), spa vb (II) to sip, drink; take a sip, Svartlfheimr mSvartalfheim (mythological name) world of the dark elves, sv adv so, thus; such; then; so (denoting degree); sv at such that, with the result that; sv sem so as, as; sv mikill at so great, sveinn <-s, -ar> m boy, lad; servant; page, Sveinn tjguskegg m Svein Forkbeard, king of Denmark (9871014), sveit f group or body of men; troop, band, company; region, district, svelgja vb (III) ti swallow, svelta [w dat] vb (III) to starve, die (of starvation); suffer hunger; svelta hungri die of hunger, sverja vb (VI) swear (an oath), svimma vb (III) to swim, svipta <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to sweep; throw, fling, sva vb (I) to singe, burn, svkja vb (I) to betray, deceive, cheat, defraud, Svvr f Svivor, a giantess killed by Thor, syngja (also syngva) vb (III) to sing, systir f sister, sna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to show; snask mid seem, appear, shafa indecl adj sea-tossed, driven off ones course; vera shafa be driven off-course, Shrmnir m Shrimnir, the boar who feeds the warriors in Valhll, sll adj fortunate, happy, sr m sea, sta <-tta, -tt> vb (4) [w dat] to wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause, stt f settlement, reconciliation, atonement, agreement; at stt as atonement, stta <-tti, -ttr> vb (2) to reconcile; make peace among; sttask mid come to terms, settle, agree, be reconciled, skja vb (3) to seek; pursue; skja til [e-s] seek out [sb], sk f cause, reason, sake; fyrir [e-s] sakar on account of, because of [sth], skkva vb (III) to sink, smu str n dat sg, wk f acc/dat/gen sg & all wk nom/acc/gen pl of samr, taka vb (VI) to take, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp; reach, touch; [w inf] begin; impers [e-t] taka af [sth] comes loose, comes off; [sth] ceases; taka arf inherit; taka [e-t] [e-u] touch [sth] with [sth]; taka [e-m] fegins hendi receive [sb] gladfully, joyfully; taka sundr cut asunder; taka hafi take to sea; taka [e-n] hndum seize or capture [sb]; taka upp [e-t] pick up [sth]; taka vi [e-m] take in, receive, or welcome [sb] into ones house; taka vi [e-u] receive, take possession of, acquire, inherit [sth]; taka til begin; takask mid begin; take place; behave takask til happen, tala <-a-> vb (1) to talk, speak; tala vi [e-n] speak to [sb], Tanngnjstr m Tooth Gnasher, one of the goats that pulls Thors chariot, Tanngrisnir m Snarl Tooth, one of the goats that pulls Thors chariot, telgja <-i, -r>vb (2) to shape, hew, carve, cut, telja vb (3) to count; reckon, consider, temja vb (3)to tame; train, exercise, tigr m ten; a decade, til prep [w gen] to; till; for (of use); for (of object, intention); with respect to ;alt er til vpna var everything that could be used as a missle; brjta legg til mergjar break a leg to get at the marrow; til vista var eigi gott they were not well off for provisions, tara comp adv of ttt more frequently, more quickly, tast superl adv of ttt, quickest, most frequent; sem tast immediately, tindi (also tendi) n pl news, events, tidings, tvarmpl gods (plural only, in poetic usage), tjaldatppart of tjalda, tented; Skipit flaut tjaldat The ship floated tented [with a sail cloth over the mast serving as a tent], topt <-ir> f homestead; the walls or foundations of a (former) building, tlfrr adj counted by twelves, twelve tens, tr n tree; wood, troa vb (V) to tread; cram, pack; troask mid crowd upon each other, troll (also trll) n monstrous inhuman creature; human with troll characteristics, tra (also tr)
f faith, word of honor; (religious) belief, tungaftongue; language, tongue; tongue of land at the meeting of two rivers, tuttugu num twenty, tn n enclosure, farmstead; hayfield, homefield; poet dwellings, precincts, tveir num two, typpa <-ti~typi, -tr~typr> vb (2) to top, crown, tja <3sg pres tr, 3sg past ti> vb (2) to do, work; [w dat] help, assist; impers avail, ti ekki it was of no avail, tna <-di, -dr> vb to lose, forget, mistake; tnask mid to perish, tnn f tooth, um prep [w acc] about; around; across; for, because of; beyond; during, for, in, by (time); [w datin poetic and older texts] over; by, in (time); [w vb of motion] over, past, beyond, across; um alla hluti in every way; fram um or um fram [w vb of motion] on past, up beyond, out over; um dag one day; um ntr by night; um sumarit during the summer; um fram adv in addition; um sinnsakar for this once, um adv, pre-verbal particle (untranslatable, but carrying connotation of completion), umhverfis prep [w acc] round, all around; adv there about, all around, una <-i/di, unat, subjunct yni> vb (4) to be content in a place; to like/be satisfied Gullharaldr undi miklu verr enn r GullHarald liked this much less than before; enjoy, be happy, be content with a thing unu eir ar litla hr they were content there only a little while; eir undu illa snum hlut they very much disliked their lot; dwell, stay, abide, live at; [w dat], undan prep [w dat] from under, from beneath; away from; just off, near to, undir (also und) prep [w acc/dat] under, underneath; [w dat] under, depending on; undir sr with him, undirhyggjumar m guileful or deceitul person, ungr adj young, unna pret-pres vb togrant, allow, bestow; [w dat] love; unna [e-m] [e-s] let [sb] have [sth], Unnr (also Ur) f Unn (personal name), uppi adv up (position); vera uppi live, last, upplenzkr adj of or pertaining to the Uplands (Norwegian highlands), Upplnd n pl Uplands (place name) Norwegian highlands, Urarbrunnr m Urdarbrunn, the Well of Fate, Urr f Urd, Fate, that which should become, one of the three Norns, uxi (also oxi) m ox, t adv out, outward (motion toward), out to Iceland, tan adv from outside; from abroad, from Iceland, from without; (without motion) outside, tanverr adj outward, outside, outer part of, tgarr m Utgard, the Outer Enclosures, the home of the giants (place name), ti adv out (place), outside, out-of-doors, vaa vb (VI) wade (through water); rush (at an opponent), vakna <-a-> intrans vb (1) to awake, get up, Valaskjlf f Valaskjalf, Odins silver-roofed hall, Valdres n Valdres, highland region in Norway, Valir m pl inhabitants (esp Celtic) of France, valr m corpses on the battlefield, the slain, vandaml n complicated case, difficult matter, Vanir m pl one of the two major groups of gods, vanr adj accustomed, wont; vanr [e-u] accustomed to [sth]; usual, varveita <-tta, -ttr> vb (2)to keep, preserve, watch, defend, varr adj aware; cautious, wary, vas (older form of var) 1/3sg past of vera, vatn n water, fresh water; lake, vaxa vb (VI) to grow, vgskorinn ppart vgr + skorinn, bay-cut, with bays or inlets, vn f hope, expectation, prospect, vndr adj (qualitatively) bad, wretched; (morally) bad, wicked, vpndjarfr adj fearless, gallant, daring in battle; inn vpndjarfasti the most fearless in battle, Vr f perhaps a goddess associated with pledges; Vrar hendi by the hand of Var, Verflnir m Vedrfolnir, the hawk which sits between the eyes of the eagle atop Yggdrasill, vefa vb (IV) to weave, vega vb (V) to kill, slay; fight, veggr m wall, vegr m way, road; mode, manner; direction; side, veir f hunting, fishing, catch, veita <-tti, -ttr> vb (2) to grant, give, offer; assist; veita [e-m] atgngu attack [sb]; veita [e-m] atlgu attack [sb]; veita atrr set out rowing (toward); [e-m] veita betr [sb] has the better of it; veita tilkall make a claim, veiztu = veizt 2sg pres of vita, you know, vekja trans vb (3) to wake, awake; vekja [e-n] upp wake [sb] up, vel adv well; very; vel at sr gifted, capable, vera vb (V) to be; last; vera fyrir lead; vera ar fyrir be there present; vera vel at kominn be welcome; vera vi be present, take part in, vera vb (III) tobecome, happen; have to; vera at [e-u] become [sth]; vera at grjti turn to stone; vera at stt reconcile; vera shafa be driven off-course (when sailing), Verandi f Verdandi (mythological name) Becoming or Happening, one of the three norns, verr adj [w gen] worthy; verr [e-s] worthy of [sth], verja defend, verja [e-u] keep [sth] away; verjask mid defend oneself, verpa vb (III) to throw, verr <-s, -ar> m [poet] husband; [pl] men, verst superl adv of illa worst; sem verst as bad as it can be, as bad as possible, verstr superl adj of illr and vndr worst, vestr n west; adv westward, vestr um haf, west over the ocean (to Britain), Vestri m Vestri (mythological name) dwarf who holds up the sky, Vestribygg f Western Settlement (place name), part of Norse Greenland, Vestrlnd n pl the Weslands, the British Isles and France, vestrvegir m pl the west, i.e., toward the British Isles and beyond, lit the western ways, vetr m winter; um vetrinn for the winter, V m son of Bor and Bestla, brother of Odin, vla <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to defraud, betray, seduce, vi prep [w acc] with; at, by, close to; according to, after; [w dat] against; toward; with; in exchange for, for, viartaug f flexible and tough twig, vir m tree; forest, wood; timber, vitaka f reception, Vilhjlmr m William (personal name); Vilhjlmr bastarr m William the Conqueror, illegitimate son of Robert Longsword, Vili m Vili, son of Bor and Bestla, brother of Odin, vilja <2/3sg pres vill, vildi, viljat> vb (4) to wish, want, vintta f friendship (esp a sincere, personal friendship), vinda vb (III) totwist, wring, squeeze; wind, hoist; turn, swing; vindask mid make a sudden movement, turn oneself away, vinfenginfriendship (esp a contractual alliance), vingr adj good towards ones friends, friendly, Vinglf n Vingolf, Friendly Quarters; one of the halls of the gods where righteous men go after death, vinna vb (III) to gain, win; work; perform, accomplish; vinna herskap [e-m] win battles against [sb]; mid vinnask win or gain for oneself; s at at in var unnnin they saw that the river was taken, vira <-i, -r> vb (2) to evaluate, value, appaise, vista <-a-> trans vb (1) lodge, find lodging, furnish with food and provisions; vistask mid intrans lodge, take up lodging, stay, vitnsense, wit, intelligence, understanding, vit pron we (dual), vita pret-pres vb toknow; vita fram or vita fyrir know the future, foresee, vitja <-a-> vb (1) [w gen] to go to a place; visit, vitr adj wise, intelligent, vitrastr superl adj of vitr wisest, most intelligent, vg n battle; homicide, manslaughter, killing, vgja <-i, -r> vb (2) to consecrate, hallow, vgr adj able to fight; vgr vel well-skilled in arms, vking f raid; vking on a raid, vkingavrr <-varar, -verir> m Viking-Guard (coast guard against Vikings), vkja vb (I) [w dat] to move, turn; impers n vkr sgunni now the saga shifts, Vnland n Vinland (place name) Wine Country, region along the North American Atlantic; Vnland it ga Wineland the Good, same, vgja <-i, -t> vb (4) [w dat] to spare; give way to, vnn adj beautiful, fine, handsome; likely, to be expected; hopeful, promising, vnta <-ti, vnt> vb (2) [w gen] to expect, hope for, Vringi m Varangian, the name of the Norse warriors who served as bodyguards to the emperors of Constantinople in the Varangian Guard, vttr f creature, being; supernatural being, spirit, vllr m field, plain, vlva f seeress, sybil, vrr m warden; coastguard, watchman, vrr m pull of an oarvxtr m size, stature, growth; shape, yfir prep [w acc/dat] over, above, across; adv over, Yggr m Ygg (mythological name) Terrible One, a name of Odin, YggdrasillmYggdrasil, name of the World Tree, Ynglingar m pl Ynglings (personal name) Swedish-Norwegian dynasty; descendants of the god Yngvi, yrkja vb (3) to work, esp cultivate; compose (verses); yrkja [e-t] set about; mid attack one another, yrkisk um [e-t] it begins, Ze drttning in rka f Empress Zoe the Great, aan adv from there, thence; aan fr from that point onward, angat adv to there, thither (motion toward), angbrandr <-s> Thangbrand (personal name), annug (also annig) adv thither, that way (= ann + veg); thus, at pron it; n nom/acc of dem s that (one), au n pl pron they; those (ones), ttr m tale, short, egar adv at once, immediately; already; egar morgin first thing in the morning; egar unga aldri already by a young age; egar um haustit that very autumn; conj as soon as, when, egja vb (3) to be silent, keep ones mouth shut, egnskapr m generosity, open-handedness, eim m dat sg of dem s that (one) & all dat pl of eir/r/au they; those (ones), eima (also essum) m dat sg & all dat pl of essi, eir pron they; those (ones) (m pl), eira (also eirra) pron gen pl of eir/r/au they; their, ekkja <-ti~ekti~eki~tti, -tr~ektr~ekr> vb (3) to perceive, notice; know, recognize; ekkjast mid know one another, essi (also sj) dem pron this, these, r pl pron you; r frequent dat of ; see r, iggja vb (V) to accept; receive; accept lodgings, ingmar (pl ingmenn) m thingman, follower of an Icelandic chieftain, it dual pron you, j f people, nation, ola vb (4) to tolerate, endure, orbjrg <-bjargar> f Thorbjorg (personal name), orgeirr <-s> m Thorgeir (personal name); orgeirr flskubakr Thorgeir Flask-Back, orgerr f Thorgerd (personal name), orgils m Thorgils (personal name); orgils orsteinssonar Thorgils, son of Thorstein (personal name), orkell <-s> m Thorkel (personal name); orkell Geitisson m Thorkel, son of Geitir, orsteinn <-s> m Thorstein (personal name); orsteinn hvti m Thorstein the White, rir m Thorir (personal name), rr m Thor, god of thunder, husband of Sif, son of Odin and Earth, rasa <3sg pres rasir> vb (2) be belligerent, reifa <-a-> vb (1) touch or feel with ones hand; reifask mid fumble, grope, rekvirki n courageous deed, feat of strength, rettn num thirteen, rii ord num third, rii m Third, one of the three interrogators of King Gylfi, rfa vb (I) grasp; rfa til [e-s] grab hold of [sb/sth], rr num three, rvangar m pl Plains of Strength, Thors domain, umall m thumb, ungr adj heavy, urfa pret-pres vb [aux] need; [w gen] need, have need of, urs m giant, ogre, pron you (sg), sund <-ar, -ir> f thousand, usually long thousand, twelve hundred, v vb (VI) to wash. verra vb (III) to wane, decrease, grow less, vinnill <-s> m Thvinnil, name of a Viking (personal name), vgit = v-gi at [w comp adj] not the; vgit fleira no more, not much more, ykkja vb impers (3) seem to be, [w dat subj] to think/believe, seem (to one); ykkjask mid seem to one, think oneself, a (-ddi, -ddr) vb (2) to explain, interpret; signify; win over; ask [e-n] mid associate with [sb], r pron f pl they; those (ones), r f ewe or female sheep (with article rin, nn, nni, na, pl rnar, num, nna); r ok lmb ewes and lambs; kr ok r cows and ewes; see saur, sir m pl of ss, one of the two major groups of gods, tla <-a-> vb (1) to intend, purpose, mean; think, consider, tt f family, kindred; generation, tti 3sg & pl past subjunct of eiga vi f indecl age, time; alla vi for all time, forever, pa <-ti, -t> vb (4)to cry, scream, shout, xla <-ti, -tr> vb (2) tocause increase, multiply, ld f age, time; poet man pl mankind, men, llu n sg dat; weak m/f/n nom/acc/gen of allr, lvir m Olvir (personal name), nd f breath; life; spirit, soul, ndttr krka m Ondott Crow (personal name), rendislauss adj without effect, purposeless, lit errand-less, rendislaust adv without purpose, in vain, for nothing; fara rendislaust go in vain, without a purpose or reason, rn m eagle, x f axe, xarfjrrmOxarfjord, Axe Fjord (place name), Jules William Press is a small press devoted to publishing the best about the Viking Age, Old Norse, and the Atlantic and Northern European regions.