And you can even handle asynchronous flows such as listening to message-queues. #string # behind the scenes, it could be creating (or over-writing) a bunch of variables ! This has the advantage that you can use pure JsonPath and be more concise. Another example for a popular Maven reporting plugin that is compatible with Karate JSON is Cluecumber. A common requirement is to build an array with n elements or do something n times where n is an integer (that could even be a variable reference). Click on Run the Workflow and Start. To run a script *.feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. Notice that in the above example, string values within the table need to be enclosed in quotes. 10 How to call custom Java code in karate API tests? Variables set using def in the Background will be re-set before every Scenario. foo: 'hello', all They use JSON to build the relevant parts of the HTTP request. function (customConfigJson, config) { for advanced users - scripts can introspect the tags that apply to the current scope, refer to this example: for even more advanced users - Karate natively supports tags in a, when you want to get the absolute OS path to the argument which could even have a prefix such as, converts a JSON string or map-like object into a Java object, given the Java class name as the second argument, refer to this, converts a JSON array (of objects) or a list-like object into a CSV string, writing this to a file is your responsibility or you could use, rarely used, when you need to pass a JS function to custom Java code, typically for, for advanced conditional logic when object types are dynamic and not known in advance, see, returns only the values of a map-like object (or itself if a list-like object), will wait until the URL is ready to accept HTTP connections, will wait until the host:port is ready to accept socket connections, the current iteration index (starts from 0) if being called in a loop, will be, Java knowledge is not required and even non-programmers can write tests, Scripts are plain-text, require no compilation step or IDE, and teams can collaborate using Git / standard SCM, Based on the popular Cucumber / Gherkin standard - with, Eliminate the need for Java Beans or helper code to represent payloads and HTTP end-points, and, Ideal for testing the highly dynamic responses from, Tests are super-readable - as scenario data can be expressed in-line, in human-friendly, Express expected results as readable, well-formed JSON or XML, and, Embedded JavaScript engine that allows you to build a library of, Re-use of payload-data and user-defined functions across tests is, Standard Java / Maven project structure, and, Reports include HTTP request and response, Easily invoke JDK classes, Java libraries, or re-use custom Java code if needed, for. Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. The function is expected to return a JSON object and all keys and values in that JSON object will be made available as script variables. Just re-fresh your browser window if you re-run the test. While this sounds dangerous and should be used with care (and limits readability), the reason this feature exists is to quickly set (or over-write) a bunch of config variables when needed. Refer to the section on dynamic port numbers for an example. See also match header which is what you would normally need. Prefer classpath: when a file is expected to be heavily re-used all across your project. You can even retrieve operating-system environment variables via Java interop as follows: var systemPath = java.lang.System.getenv('PATH'); This decision to use JavaScript for config is influenced by years of experience with the set-up of complicated test-suites and fighting with Maven profiles, Maven resource-filtering and the XML-soup that somehow gets summoned by the Maven AntRun plugin. Use it sparingly, and only for string, number or simple payload comparisons. { For a call (or callonce) - payload / data structures (JSON, XML, Map-like or List-like) variables are passed by reference which means that steps within the called feature can update or mutate them, for e.g. And when you read your JSON objects from (re-usable) files, even complex response payload assertions can be accomplished in just a single line of Karate-script. This does require you to move set-up into a separate *.feature (or JavaScript) file. when a string coming from an external process is dynamic - and whether it is JSON or XML is not known in advance, see, get the value of a variable by name (or JsonPath expression), if not found - this returns, returns only the keys of a map-like object, log to the same logger (and log file) being used by the parent process, logging can be suppressed with, access to the Karate logger directly and log in debug. In This video explained how to set up the runner class so that the parallel execution is possible Follow me on LlinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/krishn. """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowRebase, # custom JS function called in Karate HTML image comparison UI when the user clicks the `Show config` button, """ And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. Note that Karate works fine on OpenJDK. You can run tests with this directly, but teams can choose the JUnit variant (shown below) that pulls in JUnit 5 and slightly improves the in-IDE experience. I tryed the, @LorenzoNardi no other than just use a tag. The classpath is a Java concept and is where some configuration files such as the one for logging are expected to be by default. For suppressing sensitive information such as secrets and passwords from the log and reports, see Log Masking and Report Verbosity. This is just to reduce confusion for users new to Karate who tend to do * def request = {} and expect the request body or similarly, the url to be set. Internally, Karate will auto-convert JSON (and even XML) to Java Map objects. This will create a folder called myproject (or whatever you set the name to). So we use the same Gherkin syntax - but the similarity ends there. Each array element is expected to be a JSON object, and for each object - the behavior will be as described above. _ == _$.roomInformation[0].roomPrice' }, """ This means that all your. In This video explained how to call one feature file from another feature file by using the call and read functions. And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. But you can prefix the name with classpath: in which case the root folder would be src/test/java (assuming you are using the recommended folder structure). One way to appreciate Karates approach is to think over what it takes to add a new environment-dependent variable (e.g. JsonPath and Karate expressions are not supported. Normally we recommend that you keep your re-usable features lightweight - by limiting them to just one Scenario. And Karate gives you control over these aspects with the small set of keywords focused on HTTP such as url, path, param, etc. You can define the base URL in Karate with the keyword. Because of the last rule above, note that string-concatenation may not work quite the way you expect: Observe how you can achieve string concatenation if you really want, because any valid JavaScript expression can be stuffed within an embedded expression. The main island is separated from Peninsular Malaysia to the north by Johor Strait, a narrow channel crossed by a . Note that any cookies returned in the HTTP response would be automatically set for any future requests. Karate provides its own DSL (Domain Specific Language), which uses a Gherkin-like language enabling one to write tests without programming knowledge, and write tests in .feature files. To run a script *. Keep in mind that these are tests (not production code) and this config is going to be maintained more by the dev or QE team instead of the ops or operations team. Valid options are, The number of bits used to encode each pixel, The maximum size on the smallest dimension before downsampling. Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. Change the name of the job to "Unit tests" and type the following command: mvn test. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. auth tokens) only once for all of your tests. This is best explained in this example: copy.feature. Cucumber has a concept of Scenario Outlines where you can re-use a set of data-driven steps and assertions, and the data can be declared in a very user-friendly fashion. data: { Copyright 2022 it-qa.com | All rights reserved. In the case of the call of a JavaScript function, you can also pass a JSON array or a primitive (string, number, boolean) as the solitary argument, and the function implementation is expected to handle whatever is passed. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). The @setup tag is built-in for this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will behave like @ignore. Now I can dynamically able to select the list of features at run time :) Regarding the karate.abort() Now the result for the particular step is marked as 'SKIPPED', but the results for the steps below it still shown as 'PASSED'. Given the examples above, it has to be said that a best practice with Karate is to avoid JavaScript for loops as far as possible. You can lock down the fact that you only want to execute the single JUnit class that functions as a test-suite - by using the following maven-surefire-plugin configuration: Note how the karate.options can be specified using the configuration. You can use callonce instead of call within the Background in case you have multiple Scenario sections or Examples. If you want to pass a clone to a called feature, you can do so using the rarely used copy keyword that works very similar to type conversion. A handler function is needed only if you have to ignore some incoming traffic and stop the wait when a certain payload arrives. But take a look at how Karate can loop over a *.feature file for each object in a JSON array - which gives you dynamic data-driven testing, if you need it. The match keyword can be made to iterate over all elements in a JSON array using the each modifier. # but karate allows you to traverse xml like json !! A stand-alone example can be found here: examples/image-comparison along with a video explanation. You could always do this in two steps: As a convenience, embedded expressions are supported on the Right Hand Side of a match statement even for quoted string literals: And do note that in Karate 1.0 onwards, ES6 string-interpolation within backticks is supported: An alternative to embedded expressions (for JSON only) is to enclose the entire payload within parentheses - which tells Karate to evaluate it as pure JavaScript. Comma delimited values are supported which can be more convenient, and takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed. Here are some examples: Refer to this file for a comprehensive set of XML examples: xml.feature. This is especially useful when you want to maintain passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment. 5 You can define the variables with the def keyword in the feature file directly. 2 They can be very useful in some situations. Karate Demo. 'name is Bob and age is 5', # the single cell can be any valid karate expression, * def generator = function(i){ if (i == 20) return null; return { name, Keywords that set multiple key-value pairs in one step, Managing Headers, SSL, Timeouts and HTTP Proxy, Matching Sub-Sets of JSON Keys and Arrays, mix Karate into Java projects or legacy UI-automation suites, Karate entered the ThoughtWorks Tech Radar, 7 New Features in Karate Test Automation Version 1.0, nested chunks of JSON that name-space your config variables, alternate way of calling JavaScript functions, exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG, do not use this unless you know what you are doing, see above, Comparison engine(s) to use. The built-in karate object is explained in detail later, but for now, note that this is also injected into print (and even assert) statements, and it has a helpful pretty method, that takes a JSON argument and a prettyXml method that deals with XML. But this time, the return value from the call step will be a JSON array of the same size as the input array. This is optional, and Karate will work without the logging config in place, but the default console logging may be too verbose for your needs. Since match and set go well together, they are both introduced in the examples in the section below. But if you really need to use the HTTP response code in an expression or save it for later, you can get it as an integer: Note that match can give you some extra readable options: The response time (in milliseconds) for the current response would be available in a variable called responseTime. Karate tool provides you with the step definitions. This is perfect for those cases where it really doesnt make sense - for example the Background section or when you use the def or set syntax. Also look at the demo examples, especially dynamic-params.feature - to compare the above approach with how the Cucumber Scenario Outline: can be alternatively used for data-driven tests. function (config, downloadLatestFn) { The rest can also be used even in primitive data matches like so: If two cross-hatch # symbols are used as the prefix (for example: ##number), it means that the key is optional or that the value can be null. Embedded expressions also make more sense in validation and schema-like short-cut situations. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. The solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8. Here is a sample logback-test.xml for you to get started. Now we are all set for the Parallel execution with 2. features file. Now it should be clear how Karate makes it easy to express JSON or XML. Something like this: For HTTPS / SSL, you can also specify a custom certificate or trust store by setting Java system properties. The .graphql and .gql extensions are also recognized (for GraphQL) but are handled the same way as .txt and treated as a string. You can easily do this via karate.set('someVarName', value). You can even initialize the JSON in a separate step and pass it by name, especially if it is complex. So you have the following type markers you can use instead of def (or the rarely used text). This enables more concise tests, and the file can be re-usable in multiple, data-driven tests. Note how even tags to exclude (or include) can be specified: Note that any Feature or Scenario with the special @ignore tag will be skipped by default. It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. For convenience, some stats are logged to the console when execution completes, which should look something like this: The parallel runner will always run Feature-s in parallel. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. But this does not limit you in any way, because similar to how you can call *.feature files, you can pass a whole JSON object as the argument. Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. You can find more details here. Especially since strings can be easily coerced to numbers (and vice-versa) in Javascript, you can combine built-in validators with the self-validation predicate form like this: '#number? or is the configured value a JSON object ? The above example actually makes two HTTP requests - the first is a standard sign-in POST and then (for illustrative purposes) another HTTP call (a GET) is made for retrieving a list of projects for the signed-in user, and the first one is selected and added to the returned auth token JSON object. GET Method: Step 1: Create a feature file under src/test/java folder. In real testing scenarios, we can add further checks and validations to the API JSON Response with JsonPath expressions. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. The keywords def, set, match, request and eval take multi-line input as the last argument. Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. You can then skip the next few sections, as the pom.xml, recommended directory structure, sample test and JUnit 5 runners - will be created for you. You also have the option of setting multiple cookies in one-step using the cookies keyword. For a proxy that requires authentication, set the, The charset that will be sent in the request, HTTP requests and responses (including headers) will appear in the HTML report, default. Some third-party report-server solutions integrate with Karate such as ReportPortal.io. Create the Step Definition class or Glue Code for the Test Scenario. Allowed keystore types are as described in the, if all server certificates should be considered trusted. You can easily assert that all expected elements are present, even in nested parts of your JSON - while doing a match on the full payload. The following table summarizes some key differences between Cucumber and Karate. For this, Cucumber has already provided a way to organize your scenario execution by using tags in feature file. right: 1496 Here is how you can pass data from one feature file another. for (var n in nums) { As a convenience, cookies from the previous response are collected and passed as-is as part of the next HTTP request. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. JSON objects become Java Map-s, JSON arrays become Java List-s, and Java Bean properties are accessible (and update-able) using dot notation e.g. When I switch environments (passing in -Dkarate.env=qual as part of the run command) then baseUrl is set correctly. Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. The same concept applies to XML and you can build complicated payloads from scratch in just a few, extremely readable lines. Given this custom, user-defined Java class: This is how it can be called from a test-script via JavaScript, and yes, even static methods can be invoked: Note that JSON gets auto-converted to Map (or List) when making the cross-over to Java. And yes, functions can take arguments. Since asserting against header values in the response is a common task - match header has a special meaning. Things will work even if the karate-config.js file is not present. And steps that follow should logically be in the Then form. When your project gets complex, you can have separate karate-config-.js files that will be processed for that specific value of karate.env. { Valid options are, Function to be called when displaying image comparison rebase in Karate HTML reports (e.g. So you can do things like this: * def name = name + __loop - or you can use the loop index value for looking up other values that may be in scope - in a data-driven style.
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