Spent Liquor - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics 11. ----- 7.0 Spent Pulping Liquor Management, Spill Prevention, and Control: Current Industry Practice 7.2 Sulfite Mills At the sulfite mills evaluated, spent pulping liquor management, spill prevention, and control programs include many of the same features described above for kraft and soda mills. The black liquor is an aqueous solution of lignin residues, hemicellulose, and the inorganic chemicals used in the process. After the pulping, HSSL is evaporated and then burned for energy recovering. The medium was inoculated with 20 mL/L spore suspension. PDF 2-1 Recausticizing - Principles and Practice Adaptation of Scheffersomyces stipitis to hardwood spent ... At high temperature and pressure it dissolves the lignin bonding the Isolation and characterization of a resident tolerant ... Techno-economics of integrating bioethanol production from ... The recovery system for spent liquor mix was studied. table of contents sumary and conclusions * 0 0 0000 • * ***• ••• • • • • 1 disposal and utilization possibilities for spent sulfite liquor. Hardwood spent sulfite liquor (HSSL) is a by-product of acid sulfite pulping process that is rich in xylose, a monosaccharide that can be fermented to ethanol by Scheffersomyces stipitis. SRS; Publications; Current: Fermentation kinetics for xylitol production by a Pichia stipitis D-xylulokinase mutant pr… Fermentation kinetics for xylitol production by a Pichia stipitis D-xylulokinase mutant previously grown in spent sulfite liquor Solids were precipitated from a sodium-based spent sulfite liquor with the anti-solvents acetone, ethanol and methanol and the effects of solute concentration, pH and temperature on the precipitation were studied. Black liquor contains 10-50% lignin, which is the main organic matter found within that liquor. To reduce the biological oxygen demand of SSL associated with dissolved sugars, we studied the capacity of Pichia stipitis FPL-YS30 (xyl3∆) to convert these sugars into useful products. The composition of the sugar fraction in SSL depends on the type of wood used for pulping. EF gasification of . Potucek, F.; Milichovsky, M. "Fractionation of Spent Sulfite Liquors by Ultrafiltration", Papir Celuloza 46 (6) 121-124 (1991). Three filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor indicus, and Rhizopus oryzae were investigated in this work. Kraft process. The cultivation conditions for Rhizopus oryzae grown in synthetic medium and paper pulp spent sulfite liquor (SSL) were investigated to achieve high biomass and ethanol yields using shake flasks and bioreactors. The spent sulfite liquor includes the reducing sugars from the sulfite pulping of wood. Black liquor (spent cooking liquor) is one of the major byproducts of pulp and paper manufacturing. For most sulfite mills, the pulping liquor is a base (hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals) with sulfur dioxide. Spent sulfite liquor has been used successfully as a sub-strate in the fermentation industry, where a number of pure culture fermentations have been used to partially reduce the BOD of the waste (4, 6). However, HSSL also contains acetic acid and lignosulfonates that are inhibitory compounds of yeast growth. The product yield, degree of separation, MW and structure of the different . The possibility of precipitating high molecular weight (MW) softwood hemicelluloses has been investigated. Fermented Spent Sulfite Liquor Diogo Figueira, João Cavalheiro and Bruno Sommer Ferreira * Biotrend - Inovação e Engenharia em Biotecnologia, S.A. Biocant Park, Nú cleo 04 Lote 2, 3060-197 Cantanhede, The spent sulfite liquor (also called red liquor) then drains through the bottom of the tank and is treated and discarded, incinerated, or sent to a plant for recovery of heat and chemicals. A drilling mud composition is produced having a dispersant composition therein. Related Substances. Three differently treated liquors (SSL pH 5; SSLe pH . However, HSSL also contains acetic acid and lignosulfonates that are inhibitory compounds of yeast growth. Spent sulfite liquor derived from magnesium bisulfite pulping of beech was electrolyzed in a pilot-plantelectrolysis cell. However, for the spent pulping li-quors, which are highly complex mixtures of organic and The sulphite pulping process for cellulose extraction consists of lignin depolymerisation of wood by sulphonation and hydrolysis leading to the production of spent sulphite liquor (SSL) as waste stream enriched in hemicellulose sugars and lignin Composition of Wood: Cellulose Lignin Hemicellulose Extractives Average Z 45 28 25 Polymer of glucose units Cellulose — Kovasin, K.; Norden, H. "Determination of Lignosulfonate Rejection from Test Results in the Ultrafiltration of Spent Sulfite Liquor" Svensk Papperstidning (6) R44-R47 (1984). Justia Patents Paper Making And Fiber Liberation Patents Processes Of Chemical Liberation, Recovery Or Purification Of Natural Cellulose Or Fibrous Material Patents With Regeneration, Reclamation, Reuse, Recycling Or Destruction Of Digestion Fluid Patents With Destruction Of Organic Ingredient In Or Smelting Of Liquor Patents Sulfur Dioxide Or Sulfite Containing Spent Liquor Patents (Class 162/36) The spent liquor from acidic sulphite pulping of Eucalyptus globulus (HSSL) is the side product from sulphite pulp production and besides sulphonated lignin contains sugars from degraded. Sugar composition of spent sulfite liquor (SSL) from sulfite pulping Spruce SSL • 20,6% of DM is C6 sugars • 77% of sugars are C6 sugars Eucalyptus SSL • 22,1% of DM is C5 sugars • 82% of sugars are C5 sugars Sulfite cooking Filtration Fibre SSL BACKGROUND: Spent sulfite liquor is a by-product obtained in the process of manufacturing dissolving pulp by the acid sulfite method. Pretreatment with activated charcoal could slightly reduce the amount of phenols in the substrate and thus facilitate growth and ethanol production on higher SSL concentrations (up to 4.7% (w/v) dry matter). The spent liq uor comes from the daily production of approximately 110 tons of sulfite pulp produced by the calcium bisulfite process from both hardwoods and soft woods. After cooking for about six hours, the lignin binder is dissolved and the cellulose fibres, now called pulp or "brown stock," are separated from the spent cooking liquor (black liquor) in the pulp washers. The spent sulfite liquor (SSL) is largely composed of lignosulfonate, acetic acid, sugars from hemicellulose, inorganics, and small quantities of derivatives from sugar dehydration. However, depending on the pulping process conditions, the release of monosaccharides also generates a range of compounds that negatively affect microbial fermentation. The main objective of this study was the use of an evolutionary engineering strategy to obtain . In the production of wood pulp by the sulfite process, about 50% of the wood (hemicellulose and lignin) is dissolved to produce cellulose pulp, and the pulp mill effluent ("spent sulfite liquor" SSL) represents the only lignocellulosic hydrolysate available today in large quantities (about 90 billion liters annually worldwide). A full physico‐chemical characterization of this waste has been developed in order to determine if it is susceptible to valorization by means of biorefinery processes. In the production of wood pulp by the sulfite process, about 50% of the wood (hemicellulose and lignin) is dissolved to produce cellulose pulp, and the pulp mill effluent ([open quotes]spent sulfite liquor[close quotes] SSL) represents the only lignocellulosic hydrolysate available today in large quantities. Composition is highly variable and includes excess pulping chemicals, dissolved and degraded cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Thick spent sulfite liquor (53 wt % to 59 wt % solids content) from the acidic magnesium-based sulfite pulping process of Eucalyptus globulus was supplied by Caima-Indústria de Celulose SA (Constância, Portugal). The black liquor comprises 15% solids by weight of which two thirds are organic chemicals and the remainder are inorganic. As pure magnesium LSs were not available for purchase, the influence of the counter ion on the extraction efficiency was examined in a first series of experiments using Na-LS and Ca-LS model solutions with a starting . In the present study, we investigated whether endogenous yeasts in SSL-based ethanol plant . The dispersant composition is prepared by incorporating a soluble sulfurous acid salt of sodium, potassium or ammonia into an aqueous solution containing soluble-base spent sulfite liquor. In recent years, industries have been required to accommodate . S) at elevated temperatures (155-175°C), elevated pressure (7-10 bar) and pH values beyond 10 for the digestion of wood. Approximately 7 tonnes of black liquor are produced in the manufacture of one tonne of pulp. Integration of a fermentation plant, and vanillin preparation for spent liquor val-ues from an acid sulfite pulp mill, as adapted from a company brochure. tional strength of spent sulfite liquor, it would be economically unsound to apply sewage treatment methods to the treatment of this waste. . (8) Spent Pulping Liquor: For kraft and soda mills "spent pulping liquor" means black liquor that is used, generated, stored, or processed at any point in the pulping and chemical recovery processes. Camas Division ər] (materials) The liquid effluent from the digestion of wood during pulping; contains wood chemicals (for example, lignin) and spent digestant (caustic, sulfite, or sulfate, depending on the process used). Maximum values of 10.17 g, 6.14 g, and 5.47 g of biomass per liter of spent liquor were achieved in the cultivation of A. oryzae, M. indicus, and R. oryzae on the spent sulfite liquor (SSL) diluted to 60%, respectively, while A. oryzae cultivation on the spent NSSC liquor (SNL) diluted to 50% resulted in the production of 3.27 g biomass per . The latter is the spent pulping liquor from sodium-based sulfite delignification. Ethanol yields of 0.29-0.44 Cmmol of ethanol per Cmmol sugar were obtained on untreated and pretreated spent sulfite liquor, respectively. BIOPROCESSING OF SPENT SULPHITE LIQUOR FOR BIOETHANOL AND SINGLE CELL PROTEIN Abstract The Hardwood Spent Sulfite Liquor (HSSL) is the waste by-product of the pulp and paper industries that produce bleached pulps by acidic sulphite pulping, of Eucalyptus globulus wood. The spent cooking liquor from sulfite pulping is usually called brown liquor, but the terms red liquor, thick liquor and sulfite liquor are also used (compared to black liquor in the kraft process ). Condition: Gut Soft cover. Forss, Kaj: Published by Abo Akademi, 1961. (NaS 2) known as white liquor. 13. Concentrated ammonium base spent sulfite liquor at about 46% total solids was digested with sodium hydroxide (0.1425 NaHO:SSL solids) at 82° C for 30 minutes. The recovery of lignin from this resource would provide an inexpensive raw material for the manufacture of fuels and fine chemicals. The annual produc-tion values given are estimated from produc- STL Sulfite thick liquor TEC Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation TIC Total inorganic carbon . 11. The spent liquor of the sulfite pulping process is dilute and contains other impurities; therefore, lignosulfonates should be separated from the spent liquor for increased commercial value. Because lignosulfonates are water-soluble products, they may not be precipitated by acidifying the spent liquor.. Membrane filtration has been recognized as a commercial process for recovering . This step produces sulfites and bisulfites. Spent sulfite liquor is a by‐product obtained in the process of manufacturing dissolving pulp by the acid sulfite method. The spent sulfite liquor received from the company Sappi Gratkorn (Austria) contains LSs with magnesium as the counter ion. In addition to lignosulfonates,the spent liquor of the sulfite pulping process contains hemicelluloses and residual pulpingchemicals,[46,47] wherein lignosulfonates accountfor However, we can use carbonated in place of hydroxide. 2010) Components Concentration (g L−1) Lignosulfonates 78.2±0.6 Acetic acid 8.2±0.3 Furfural <0.1 Ash 19.8±0.2 Sugar composition of spent sulfite liquor (SSL) from sulfite pulping Spruce SSL • 20,6% of DM is C6 sugars • 77% of sugars are C6 sugars Eucalyptus SSL • 22,1% of DM is C5 sugars • 82% of sugars are C5 sugars Sulfite cooking Filtration Fibre SSL This work aimed to isolate and characterize organisms able to store polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), from a mixed microbial culture (MMC) selected under feast and famine conditions, using hardwood sulfite spent liquor (HSSL), a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, as the carbon source. SSL is a waste stream generated during sulfite pulping of wood, with a quantity of about 90 billion liters produced per year ( Lawford and Rousseau, 1993 ). Pulp washers, using countercurrent flow, remove the spent cooking chemicals and degraded lignin and hemicellulose. 2.1-2 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) - This is the main constituent of white liquor (cooking liquor) used in the digester. The Kraft process uses an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulfide (Na. At the Tembec sulfite pulp mill, an existing ethanol fermentation facility currently ferments the hexose sugars from spent sulfite liquor (SSL) to ethanol using an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Different types of black liquors are obtained as per the type of feedstock, pulping process and cooking method adopted by industries. 17(15), 1583-1588. Since filamentous fungi are capable of assimilating several types of sugars (hexoses and pentoses), they are potential candidates for bioconversion of spent sulfite liquor (SSL). The energy consumption in the sulfite process is assumed to be slightly higher than in the kraft prehydrolysis process. composition is known. . Spent sulfite liquor is a by‐product obtained in the process of manufacturing dissolving pulp by the acid sulfite method. During the electrochemical treatment (125 mA cm −2 ; 60°C; 180 min), desalination of the anolyte took place and the magnesium concentration was reduced to approximately 60%. Using neutral sulfite semichemical (NSSC) pulp to adsorb dissolved lignocelluloses in prehydrolysis liquor from the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process. 66071-92-9 - Sulfite liquors and Cooking liquors, spent - Searchable synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information. 10. The main objective of this study was the use of an evolutionary engineering strategy to obtain . Since conditions at each site vary widely with respect to stream flow and organic load discharged, a short description of the corporation's stream improvement and by-products pro grams will aid in pointing out some of the problems associated with spent sulfite liquor utilization and disposal. The techniques used for processing of the spent liquor encompass the pro duction of nutritional yeast from the sugars, followed by evaporation, with Neutral sulphite pulping of softwood as a potential biorefinery was investigated, by producing pulps at two main yield levels (55-65% and 75-85%) under various process conditions and by analysing the composition of the resulting fibre fractions and pulping spent liquors. 9. Table 1 Composition of eucalypt sulfite spent liquor (Xavier et al. from hardwood sulfite spent liquor (HSSL), a by-product of the pulp and paper industry. In the production of wood pulp by the sulfite process, about 50% of the wood (hemicellulose and lignin) is dissolved to produce cellulose pulp, and the pulp mill effluent ("spent sulfite liquor" SSL) represents the only lignocellulosic hydrolysate available today in large quantities (about 90 billion liters annually worldwide). The Composition of a Spent Spruce Sulfite Liquor. The pulp is then washed and processed through screens and centrifuges to The MMC was able to accumulate PHA from the different HSSL carbon components (acetic acid, xylose and . its spent sulfite liquor. 66071-92-9 - Sulfite liquors and Cooking liquors, spent - Searchable synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information. spent sulfite liquor disposal problems. L −1 hexoses and pentoses. The composition of claim 10 wherein said lignosulfonate is obtained by fermentation or ultrafiltration of spent sulfite liquor. The next step is the digestion which is conducted in large pressure vessels called digesters. 2. Product Yield Summary ... 300°-465'F Phenols Composition . Description and Characteristics of Spent Sulfite Liquor The following Information presents a brief summary of the chemical and physical characteristics of wood, lignins, and lignosulfonates, and sulfite liquor. While this industrial yeast strain achieves high fermentation efficiency on the hexose fraction, it is incapable of fermenting the pentose fraction (primarily comprised of xylose . Sulfite spent liquor is subjected to a two-step chromatographic separation to form substantially purified fractions of sugars and lignosulfonates. • 2 yeast and bacterial products from spent sulfite liquor 0 ,, 3 nutritive value of torula yeast and bacterial concentrate, • •• • 5 the protein deficit for the pacific coast, . Because lignosulfonates are water-soluble products, they may not be precipitated by acidifying the spent liquor.. Membrane filtration has been recognized as a commercial process for recovering . In addition, the pH decreased from 5 to 1. in sulfite pulping processes, such as those used by the sappi saiccor mill in umkomaas, south africa, the energy requirements for the pulping process are provided by concentrating the spent sulfite liquor (ssl), which contains dissolved lignocellulosic components, such as lignin derivatives and hemicellulose sugars, and feeding the resulting … FPL-YS30 produces a negligible amount of ethanol while . The focus was on production, yield, and composition of the fungal biomass composition. Save for Later. estimate of the composition of the spent liquors (spent sulfite liquor = SSL and black liquor = BL). The kraft process is associated with strong-smelling gases - organic sulphides - which are an This substance is not a . Typical spent sulphite liquor from Eucalyptus globulus contains lignosulphonates, from 60 to 80 g/L, and sugars, from 35 to 45 g/L, from hydrolysed hemicelluloses, mainly xylose. Organic Chem. From ralfs-buecherkiste (Herzfelde, MOL, Germany) The evaporation of the spent cooking liquors should be done separately. Here, the wood chips are . Author: Britney Vest Created Date: After distillation, the fermented spent sulfite liquor contains about 12% total solids, of which 5% are high molecular weight lignin compounds and the remainder are low molecular weight lignins plus pentose sugars and inorganic salts. The composition of claim 10 wherein about 0.01 to 2% on dry weight basis of said binder is incorporated with said animal feed. Bookseller Image. Spent sulphite liquor medium (SSL50%) composed of (g/L) mannose 19.1, galactose 6.5, glucose 6.2, xylose 8.0, and arabinose 3.0, was supplemented with 2 mL/L 1 M NH 4 H 2 PO 4 and 6.5 mL/L 25% NH 3 and diluted to 50% with distilled water. The SSL was diluted in order to obtain concentrations of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% and supplemented . Spent Sulfite Liquor 12.720 Million Btu/Short Ton 12.500 Million Btu/Short Ton Waste Alcohol 3.800 Million Btu/Barrel. The WF was a 55 type commercial product obtained from Pingo Doce (Lisboa, Portugal) with the following composition: 76.2% . The process for the separation of sugars and lignosulfonates comprises the steps of (a) introducing sulfite spent liquor with a pH of 2.5 to 3.5 onto a chromatographic column containing a resin in metal salt form; (b) eluting the sulfite spent . A full physico‐chemical characterization of this waste has been developed in order to determine if it is susceptible to valorization by means of biorefinery processes. For sulfite mills "spent pulping liquor" means any intermediate, final, or used chemical Background. The spent liquor of the sulfite pulping process is dilute and contains other impurities; therefore, lignosulfonates should be separated from the spent liquor for increased commercial value. . The fungus assimilated the hexoses glucose, mannose and galactose, and the pentoses xylo … Spent pulping liquor Unknown: TSCA INV SYN Spent sulfite liquor Unknown: Additional Synonyms There are no Synonyms of this type. A full physico-chemical characterization of this waste has been developed in order to determine if it is susceptible to valorization by means of biorefinery processes. Spent sulfite pulping liquor (SSL) contains lignin, which is present as lignosulfonate, and hemicelluloses that are present as hydrolyzed carbohydrates. Spent sulphite liquor, the major byproduct from the sulphite pulp production process, was diluted to 50% and used for production of an edible zygomycete Rhizopus sp. View Larger Image The Composition of a Spent Spruce Sulfite Liquor. Additional Metadata . Composition. The pH was adjusted to 5.5 by addition of NaOH or HCl. OSTI.GOV Journal Article: Reductive burning of high-yield spent pulping liquors by the addition of pulverized coal A full study of total mass balance throughout the entire sulfite pulping process in a pulp mill has been carried out, showing that the spent sulfite liquor is the most useful stream to be valorized due to the presence of lignosulfonates, sugars, and other minor compounds, giving a theoretical quantity of 0.173 L of bioethanol per gram of dry wood. Spent Sulfite Liquor (SSL) from wood pulping facilities is a sugar rich effluent that can be used as feedstock for ethanol production. Spent sulfite liquor is an abundant but currently less used wastewater stream from the pulp and paper industry. RESULTS: The main components present in this spent liquor are sugars from hemicelluloses (25.9 . Top of Page. Hardwood spent sulfite liquor (HSSL) is a by-product of acid sulfite pulping process that is rich in xylose, a monosaccharide that can be fermented to ethanol by Scheffersomyces stipitis.However, HSSL also contains acetic acid and lignosulfonates that are inhibitory compounds of yeast growth. Based on the oven dried ton of pulp (ODT), the organic is in the range of 595 - 1224 kg/ODT. Concentration and purification of lignosulphonates (LS) present in spent sulfite liquor (SSL) obtained from the paper industry were carried out through ultrafiltration (UF). Freudenberg showed a little later that lignin-based van-Figure 2. BACKGROUND. But if spent sulfite liquor is used as the carbohydrate source the only preparatory treatment necessary is contact with steam in a reaction tower in order to remove sulfur dioxide. The approximately composition of melt was calculated. Here we investigated the suitability of ceramic hollow-fiber membranes for the concentration of spent sulfite liquor as an alternative to common . Additional control samples were prepared by digestion of ammonium base spent sulfite liquor with sodium hydroxide as set forth in the following Examples 14 and 15. 12. The fungus grew well at 20 to 40°C, but 32°C was found to be preferable compared to 20 and After cooling, the liquor goes into a fermenting vessel, together with other nutrients essential for the support of the organism. The salts of lignosulphonic acid, a product of acid hydrolysis of lignin, are a major component of technical LS. Cur. nin content) could be recovered from waste sulfite liquor (eq 3). After sulfite pulping, lignosulfonates are removed from pulp throughfiltration and remain in the spent liquor of the pulping process. Lignocellulosic waste streams such as spent sulfite liquor (SSL) are promising feedstocks for the sustainable production of bio-based products. 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